ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2014
Estimating the nucleated red blood cell 'emergence time' in neonates.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal encephalopathy multiorgan scoring systems: systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Misinformation and Junk Science in Obstetrics Medical Malpractice: Newborn Brain Injury.O&G open · 2026Article
- Reference intervals for circulating nucleated red blood cell counts of neonates, improved by the refineR algorithm.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Observational
- The risk of developing severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: evaluating associations with the nucleated red blood cell count at birth and volume of transfusions received.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Involving neonatal hematology and transfusion medicine in global efforts to eliminate severe retinopathy of prematurity.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
- NRBC concentrations over time in neonates with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy with and without sentinel events.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Nucleated Red Blood Cell Counts Differentiate Cardiac from Respiratory Causes of Cyanosis at Birth.Pediatric cardiology · 2024Article
- Placental Pathology Findings in Unexplained Pregnancy Losses.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Disorders of placental villous maturation are present in one-third of cases with spontaneous preterm labor.Journal of perinatal medicine · 2021Article
- Forensic Analysis of Umbilical and Newborn Blood Gas Values for Infants at Risk of Cerebral Palsy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- "The First Thousand Days" Define a Fetal/Neonatal Neurology Program.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Review
- Nucleated Red Blood Cells: Could They Be Indicator Markers of Illness Severity for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Disorders of placental villous maturation in fetal death.Journal of perinatal medicine · 2020Article
- Fetal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Due to Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
- Neonatal CD71+ Erythroid Cells Do Not Modify Murine Sepsis Mortality.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Nucleated red blood cells and fetal hypoxia: a biologic marker whose 'timing' has come?Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2014Article
- Comparison of the Percentage of Umbilical Cord Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Preterm Neonates during Vaginal Delivery and Emergency Cesarean Section.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe time between onset of fetal hypoxia and first appearance of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) in the blood can conceptually be divided into two periods; (1) the 'erythropoietin (EPO) generation time', which previous fetal studies suggest is 4 to 5 h, and (2) the 'NRBC emergence time'. In this study, we estimated the latter as the time required for NRBC to appear in the blood after administering a dose of recombinant EPO. STUDY
designThis was a retrospective analysis of data from a multihospital healthcare system (Intermountain Healthcare). Data were included only for neonates born ≥34 weeks gestation between the dates 1 January 2005 and 31 October 2012 and only if they received a dose of darbepoetin during their neonatal intensive care unit stay and had one or more complete blood cell counts (CBCs) obtained during the 3-day period before the dose was given and one or more CBCs in the 7-day period after the dose.
resultThe study involved 31 neonates who received 34 doses of darbepoetin. Seven doses were 4 μg kg(-1) and twenty-seven doses were 10 μg kg(-1). Twenty-six CBCs were obtained during the 24-h period following the darbepoetin dose and none had NRBC identified. NRBC first appeared in the blood between 24 and 36 h after the dose. Recipients of the higher dose generally had a higher peak NRBC count but the NRBC 'emergence time' did not appear to depend on dose.
conclusionFollowing fetal hypoxia, transcription and translation of the EPO gene result in an elevation in plasma EPO concentration. Previous fetal studies suggest this process requires 4 to 5 h. The present studies suggest that, following the increase in plasma EPO, NRBC emerge into the circulation in ≥24 h. If this model serves as a reasonable estimate, it suggests that neonates with an elevated NRBC count at birth had the onset of hypoxia at least 28 to 29 h before birth.
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