Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24026779›Full record

SynthesisEuropean heart journal2014

Inflammatory cytokines and risk of coronary heart disease: new prospective study and updated meta-analysis.

Stephen Kaptoge, Sreenivasa Rao Kondapally Seshasai, Pei Gao, Daniel F Freitag, Adam S Butterworth, Anders Borglykke, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ann Rumley, Gordon D O Lowe and 2 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European heart journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 354 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
354citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
15.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02910154 nacompletedstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Comprehensive Treatment of Angina in Women With Microvascular Dysfunction - a Proof of Concept Study of the iPower Cohort

Ran2016Enrolled62Registered outcomes9Posted comparisons0ConditionsAngina Pectoris, Coronary Microvascular DiseaseArmsdiet, Medication (with statin and ACE-inhibition), training
PMID 19878986PMID 19231324PMID 19351944PMID 19433695PMID 19712795PMID 19833255PMID 20220183PMID 20579539PMID 21105792PMID 21450596PMID 21861950PMID 21911339other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT04753307 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Perioperative Inflammatory Response Assessment in High-risk Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery - a Prospective Non-interventional Observational Study

TypeobservationalSponsorMedical University of ViennaRan2021 to 2025Enrolled1,400ConditionsPostoperative Complications, Cardiovascular Complication, Myocardial Ischemia, InflammationArmsLaboratory measurements
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

354 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 649 citations in OpenAlex.

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294 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Stephen KaptogeStrangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, CB1 8RN Cambridge, UK.
Sreenivasa Rao Kondapally Seshasai
Pei Gao
Daniel F Freitag
Adam S Butterworth
Anders Borglykke
Emanuele Di Angelantonio
Vilmundur Gudnason
Ann Rumley
Gordon D O Lowe
Torben Jørgensen
John Danesh
University of Cambridge · GBUniversity of Glasgow · GBDepartment of Public Health · USGlostrup Hospital · DKSt George's, University of London · GBUniversity of Copenhagen · DKUniversity of Iceland · IS

Funding

British Heart Foundation RG/08/014British Heart Foundation RG/08/014/24067Medical Research Council MR/L003120/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsBecause low-grade inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD), and pro-inflammatory cytokines govern inflammatory cascades, this study aimed to assess the associations of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and CHD risk in a new prospective study, including meta-analysis of prospective studies. METHODS AND

resultsInterleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-18, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured at baseline in a case-cohort study of 1514 participants and 833 incident CHD events within population-based prospective cohorts at the Danish Research Centre for Prevention and Health. Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CHD per 1-SD higher log-transformed baseline levels were: 1.37 (95% CI: 1.21-1.54) for IL-6, 1.26 (1.11-1.44) for IL-18, 1.30 (1.16-1.46) for MMP-9, 1.01 (0.89-1.15) for sCD40L, and 1.13 (1.01-1.27) for TNF-α. Multivariable adjustment for conventional vascular risk factors attenuated the HRs to: 1.26 (1.08-1.46) for IL-6, 1.12 (0.95-1.31) for IL-18, 1.21 (1.05-1.39) for MMP-9, 0.93 (0.78-1.11) for sCD40L, and 1.14 (1.00-1.31) for TNF-α. In meta-analysis of up to 29 population-based prospective studies, adjusted relative risks for non-fatal MI or CHD death per 1-SD higher levels were: 1.25 (1.19-1.32) for IL-6; 1.13 (1.05-1.20) for IL-18; 1.07 (0.97-1.19) for MMP-9; 1.07 (0.95-1.21) for sCD40L; and 1.17 (1.09-1.25) for TNF-α.

conclusionsSeveral different pro-inflammatory cytokines are each associated with CHD risk independent of conventional risk factors and in an approximately log-linear manner. The findings lend support to the inflammation hypothesis in vascular disease, but further studies are needed to assess causality.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBiomarkersCoronary DiseaseCytokinesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionProspective StudiesRisk FactorsBiomarkersCytokinesCHDCytokinesInflammationMeta-analysisRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID24026779
PMCPMC3938862
OpenAlexW2163684054

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.