Trial reportJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2013
Characterizations of particle size distribution of the droplets exhaled by sneeze.
Trial report in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed.
- Portable air cleaners and residential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aerosols: A real-world study.Indoor air · 2022Trial
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- A system for invitro inhaled/exhaled aerosol testing of personal protective equipment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessing the generation and dispersal of respiratory particles using upper respiratory commensal bacteria as index organisms for respiratory pathogens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Controlled human influenza infection reveals heterogeneous expulsion of infectious virus into air.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Creating respiratory pathogen-free environments in healthcare and nursing-care settings: a comprehensive review.GeroScience · 2025Review
- 3D modelling and simulation of thermal effects and dispersion of particles carrying infectious respiratory agents in a railway transport coach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A model for SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission on the upper deck of a passenger ship bound for a short trip.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The airborne transmission of viruses causes tight transmission bottlenecks.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Numerical performance of COScientific reports · 2024Article
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- A review of pathogenic airborne fungi and bacteria: unveiling occurrence, sources, and profound human health implication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
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- Simplified models of aerosol collision and deposition for disease transmission.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- On the role of unsteadiness in impulsive-flow-driven shear instabilities: precursors of fragmentation.Journal of fluid mechanics · 2023Article
- Bronchoscopy masks mitigate aerosols during upper gastrointestinal endoscopies.Endoscopy international open · 2023Article
- Large eddy simulation of sneeze plumes and particles in a poorly ventilated outdoor air condition: A case study of the University of Houston main campus.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Numerical study of different ventilation schemes in a classroom for efficient aerosol control.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Combined Infection Control Interventions Protect Essential Food Workers from Occupational Exposures to SARS-CoV-2 in the Agricultural Environment.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work focuses on the size distribution of sneeze droplets exhaled immediately at mouth. Twenty healthy subjects participated in the experiment and 44 sneezes were measured by using a laser particle size analyser. Two types of distributions are observed: unimodal and bimodal. For each sneeze, the droplets exhaled at different time in the sneeze duration have the same distribution characteristics with good time stability. The volume-based size distributions of sneeze droplets can be represented by a lognormal distribution function, and the relationship between the distribution parameters and the physiological characteristics of the subjects are studied by using linear regression analysis. The geometric mean of the droplet size of all the subjects is 360.1 µm for unimodal distribution and 74.4 µm for bimodal distribution with geometric standard deviations of 1.5 and 1.7, respectively. For the two peaks of the bimodal distribution, the geometric mean (the geometric standard deviation) is 386.2 µm (1.8) for peak 1 and 72.0 µm (1.5) for peak 2. The influences of the measurement method, the limitations of the instrument, the evaporation effects of the droplets, the differences of biological dynamic mechanism and characteristics between sneeze and other respiratory activities are also discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.