ArticlePloS one2013
Potential health impacts of heavy metals on HIV-infected population in USA.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engaging One Health in Heavy Metal Pollution in Some Selected Nigerian Niger Delta Cities. A Systematic Review of Pervasiveness, Bioaccumulation and Subduing Environmental Health Challenges.Biological trace element research · 2024Pooled it
- Toxic Metals and Non-Communicable Diseases in HIV Population: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Blood lead exposure, renal hyperfiltration, and accelerated kidney function decline among people living with HIV in northern Tanzania: A longitudinal cohort study.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- A systematic review of the pivotal role of environmental toxicant exposure on infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Association of PFAS and Metals with Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Exploring the Mediating Effect of Diet.Environments (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exposure to toxic chemical elements among people living with HIV/AIDS in Northern Tanzania.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Associations of essential and toxic metals/metalloids in whole blood with both disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Elevated blood lead and cadmium levels associated with chronic infections among non-smokers in a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2016Article
- Genome sequencing reveals mechanisms for heavy metal resistance and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in Delftia lacustris strain LZ-C.Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeNoninfectious comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases have become increasingly prevalent and occur earlier in life in persons with HIV infection. Despite the emerging body of literature linking environmental exposures to chronic disease outcomes in the general population, the impacts of environmental exposures have received little attention in HIV-infected population. The aim of this study is to investigate whether individuals living with HIV have elevated prevalence of heavy metals compared to non-HIV infected individuals in United States.
methodsWe used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2010 to compare exposures to heavy metals including cadmium, lead, and total mercury in HIV infected and non-HIV infected subjects.
resultsIn this cross-sectional study, we found that HIV-infected individuals had higher concentrations of all heavy metals than the non-HIV infected group. In a multivariate linear regression model, HIV status was significantly associated with increased blood cadmium (p=0.03) after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, poverty income ratio, and smoking. However, HIV status was not statistically associated with lead or mercury levels after adjusting for the same covariates.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that HIV-infected patients might be significantly more exposed to cadmium compared to non-HIV infected individuals which could contribute to higher prevalence of chronic diseases among HIV-infected subjects. Further research is warranted to identify sources of exposure and to understand more about specific health outcomes.
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