ArticlePloS one2013
Induction of porcine host defense peptide gene expression by short-chain fatty acids and their analogs.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02976688 (Effects of Short-chain Fatty Acids, Here Sodium Propionate, a Metabolism Product of the Human Gut-microbiome, on Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis - a Pilot Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Short-chain Fatty Acids, Here Sodium Propionate, a Metabolism Product of the Human Gut-microbiome, on Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis - a Pilot Study
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Maternal Probiotic and Piglet Dietary Tryptophan Level on Performance and Piglet Intestinal Health Parameters Pre-Weaning.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Butyrate Derivatives Exhibited Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Enhanced Intestinal Barrier Integrity in Porcine Cell Culture Models.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Porcine β-defensin 5 (pBD-5) modulates the inflammatory and metabolic host intestinal response to infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Piggybacking on nature: exploring the multifaceted world of porcine β-defensins.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- Oleanolic acid improved intestinal immune function by activating and potentiating bile acids receptor signaling in E. coli-challenged piglets.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Investigating the Influence of Gut Microbiota-related Metabolites in Gastrointestinal Cancer.Current cancer drug targets · 2024Review
- Eating away cancer: the potential of diet and the microbiome for shaping immunotherapy outcome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The Effect of Maternal Probiotic or Synbiotic Supplementation on Sow and Offspring Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Health, and Performance.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Mechanisms and regulation of defensins in host defense.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Induction of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides to Prevent or Treat Oral Infection and Inflammation.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Critical Role of Acyl Hydrocarbon Receptor on the Combined Benefits of Postbiotic Propionate on Active Vitamin D3-Orchestrated Innate Immunity inBiomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- High-Throughput Identification of Epigenetic Compounds to Enhance Chicken Host Defense Peptide Gene Expression.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Natural Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Synergize With Butyrate to Augment Chicken Host Defense Peptide Gene Expression.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Butyrate, Forskolin, and Lactose Synergistically Enhance Disease Resistance by Inducing the Expression of the Genes Involved in Innate Host Defense and Barrier Function.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Combined Beneficial Effects of Postbiotic Butyrate on Active Vitamin D3-Orchestrated Innate Immunity toBiomedicines · 2021Article
- Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism between Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota: Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Mutual interaction between gut microbiota and protein/amino acid metabolism for host mucosal immunity and health.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2021Review
- Effects of different defatted rice bran sources and processing technologies on nutrient digestibility in cannulated growing pigs.Journal of animal science · 2021Article
- The role of lactose in weanling pig nutrition: a literature and meta-analysis review.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dietary modulation of the synthesis of endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) represents a novel antimicrobial approach for disease control and prevention, particularly against antibiotic-resistant infections. However, HDP regulation by dietary compounds such as butyrate is species-dependent. To examine whether butyrate could induce HDP expression in pigs, we evaluated the expressions of a panel of porcine HDPs in IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells, 3D4/31 macrophages, and primary monocytes in response to sodium butyrate treatment by real-time PCR. We revealed that butyrate is a potent inducer of multiple, but not all, HDP genes. Porcine β-defensin 2 (pBD2), pBD3, epididymis protein 2 splicing variant C (pEP2C), and protegrins were induced markedly in response to butyrate, whereas pBD1 expression remained largely unaltered in any cell type. Additionally, a comparison of the HDP-inducing efficacy among saturated free fatty acids of different aliphatic chain lengths revealed that fatty acids containing 3-8 carbons showed an obvious induction of HDP expression in IPEC-J2 cells, with butyrate being the most potent and long-chain fatty acids having only a marginal effect. We further investigated a panel of butyrate analogs for their efficacy in HDP induction, and found glyceryl tributyrate, benzyl butyrate, and 4-phenylbutyrate to be comparable with butyrate. Identification of butyrate and several analogs with a strong capacity to induce HDP gene expression in pigs provides attractive candidates for further evaluation of their potential as novel alternatives to antibiotics in augmenting innate immunity and disease resistance of pigs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.