ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2014
Reduced frontal glutamate + glutamine and N-acetylaspartate levels in patients with chronic schizophrenia but not in those at clinical high risk for psychosis or with first-episode schizophrenia.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Variability and magnitude of brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia: a meta and mega-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-analytic evidence of elevated choline, reduced N-acetylaspartate, and normal creatine in schizophrenia and their moderation by measurement quality, echo time, and medication status.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2023Pooled it
- Glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolite levels in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis ofMolecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Frontal neural metabolite changes in schizophrenia and their association with cognitive control: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of ultra-high field glutamate, glutamine, GABA and glutathione 1HMRS in psychosis: Implications for studies of psychosis risk.Schizophrenia research · 2020Pooled it
- Response to initial antipsychotic treatment in first episode psychosis is related to anterior cingulate glutamate levels: a multicentreMolecular psychiatry · 2018Trial
- Oxytocin's neurochemical effects in the medial prefrontal cortex underlie recovery of task-specific brain activity in autism: a randomized controlled trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Cannabis use and glutamate across the psychosis spectrum: in vivo evidence from 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Molecular Machinery of Synaptic Plasticity and Its Potential Role in the Aetiology of Schizophrenia.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Evaluating neurochemical changes and associated locomotor activity in a double hit schizophrenia model.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Aging in Schizophrenia: Perspectives on Molecular Mechanisms and a Mini-review.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Review
- Structural brain variability in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia: evidence from person-based similarity index analysis.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Faster bi-stable visual switching in psychosis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Identifying plasma metabolic characteristics of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in adolescents.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Biomarkers for Psychosis: Are We There Yet? Umbrella Review of 1478 Biomarkers.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2024Article
- N-Acetylaspartate and Choline Metabolites in Cortical and Subcortical Regions in Clinical High Risk Relative to Healthy Control Subjects: An Exploratory 7T MRSI Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Potential diagnostic biomarkers for schizophrenia.Medical review (2021) · 2022Review
- Abnormal neurobiochemical metabolites in the firstZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2021Article
- Dopamine and glutamate in individuals at high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis of in vivo imaging findings and their variability compared to controls.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Changes in brain pathology as schizophrenia progresses have been repeatedly suggested by previous studies. Meta-analyses of previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) studies at each clinical stage of schizophrenia indicate that the abnormalities of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamatergic metabolites change progressively. However, to our knowledge, no single study has addressed the possible differences in (1)H MRS abnormalities in subjects at 3 different stages of disease, including those at ultrahigh risk for psychosis (UHR), with first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and with chronic schizophrenia (ChSz). In the current study, 24 patients with UHR, 19 FES, 25 ChSz, and their demographically matched 3 independent control groups (n = 26/19/28 for the UHR, FES, and ChSz control groups, respectively) underwent (1)H MRS in a 3-Tesla scanner to examine metabolites in medial prefrontal cortex. The analysis revealed significant decreases in the medial prefrontal NAA and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) levels, specifically in the ChSz group as indexed by a significant interaction between stage (UHR/FES/ChSz) and clinical status (patients/controls) (P = .008). Furthermore, the specificity of NAA and Glx reductions compared with the other metabolites in the patients with ChSz was also supported by a significant interaction between the clinical status and types of metabolites that only occurred at the ChSz stage (P = .001 for NAA, P = .004 for Glx). The present study demonstrates significant differences in (1)H MRS abnormalities at different stages of schizophrenia, which potentially correspond to changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission, plasticity, and/or excitotoxicity and regional neuronal integrity with relevance for the progression of schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.