ReviewNutrients2013
The metabolic burden of methyl donor deficiency with focus on the betaine homocysteine methyltransferase pathway.
Review in Nutrients, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 274 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of a Micronutrient Cocktail to Improve Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Adults with Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Pilot Clinical Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Betaine and choline status modify the effects of folic acid and creatine supplementation on arsenic methylation in a randomized controlled trial of Bangladeshi adults.European journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Combined choline and DHA supplementation: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- A novel nutritional supplement to reduce plasma homocysteine in nonpregnant women: A randomised controlled trial in The Gambia.PLoS medicine · 2019Trial
- Metabolic consequences of discretionary fortified beverage consumption containing excessive vitamin B levels in adolescents.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Metabolic Effects of Betaine: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Betaine Supplementation in Prediabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Trial
- Effect of Folic Acid, Betaine, Vitamin B₆, and Vitamin B12 on Homocysteine and Dimethylglycine Levels in Middle-Aged Men Drinking White Wine.Nutrients · 2016Trial
- Targeted plasma metabolome response to variations in dietary glycemic load in a randomized, controlled, crossover feeding trial in healthy adults.Food & function · 2015Trial
- Betaine-driven Keap1 methylation promotes p62-mediated autophagy and Nrf2 stabilization to alleviate glutathione-dependent redox dyshomeostasis in liver injury.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Prenatal Choline and Betaine Differentially Program Adult Hepatic One-Carbon Metabolism in Wistar Rats.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Choline and Its Companions: Inter-Related Roles of Choline and B Vitamins in Fetal Development and Offspring Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
- DNA methylation changes in young female adolescents with anorexia nervosa : focus on puberty related genes.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Choline, a nexus for neurocognitive nutrients: A narrative review.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Betaine Alters the Interplay of the Adenosine andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Prenatal Methyl Nutrient Availability Shapes Mesolimbic Dopaminergic Circuitry and Systemic Inflammation in Wistar Rat Offspring of Both Sexes.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Maternal Choline Supplementation in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease Generates Unique Expression Profile Mosaics Within Three Hippocampal Excitatory Neuronal Populations.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures Characterize Glucoregulatory Effects of Prenatal Choline and Betaine in Wistar Rat Offspring.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Fibrinogen-associated plasma metabolites and implications for coagulation, inflammation, and vascular diseases.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026Article
- Review
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Methyl groups are important for numerous cellular functions such as DNA methylation, phosphatidylcholine synthesis, and protein synthesis. The methyl group can directly be delivered by dietary methyl donors, including methionine, folate, betaine, and choline. The liver and the muscles appear to be the major organs for methyl group metabolism. Choline can be synthesized from phosphatidylcholine via the cytidine-diphosphate (CDP) pathway. Low dietary choline loweres methionine formation and causes a marked increase in S-adenosylmethionine utilization in the liver. The link between choline, betaine, and energy metabolism in humans indicates novel functions for these nutrients. This function appears to goes beyond the role of the nutrients in gene methylation and epigenetic control. Studies that simulated methyl-deficient diets reported disturbances in energy metabolism and protein synthesis in the liver, fatty liver, or muscle disorders. Changes in plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy) reflect one aspect of the metabolic consequences of methyl group deficiency or nutrient supplementations. Folic acid supplementation spares betaine as a methyl donor. Betaine is a significant determinant of plasma tHcy, particularly in case of folate deficiency, methionine load, or alcohol consumption. Betaine supplementation has a lowering effect on post-methionine load tHcy. Hypomethylation and tHcy elevation can be attenuated when choline or betaine is available.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.