ReviewVirulence2014
Animal models of sepsis.
Review in Virulence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 234 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
234 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 376 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting capillary leak in experimental sepsis and endotoxemia: a systematic review of therapeutic agents, methods and models in animal studies.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Tissue-specific inflammatory responses to systemic LPS in mice with LysM-lineage Hmgb1 deletion.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Anti-inflammatory effects of JI-017 in cellular and an LPS-induced endotoxemia model.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a rabbit model ofAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Assessment of methylene blue and NAD on LPS-induced acute brain injury: effects on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier integrity in a rat endotoxemia model.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Source control within 12 h attenuates lung injury and systemic bacterial burden in a rat model of polymicrobial abdominal sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture).Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Metabolic footprint of sepsis and septic shock: A narrative review.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Endogenous "Time Bomb" - Mislocalized Phospholipase A2 as a Critical Mediator of Ultra-Rapid Mortality in Sepsis and Acute Lung Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Protection of mice against septic shock induced by lethal intraperitoneal dose of LPS by a recombinantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Dynamic gut responses to sepsis uncovered by multi-omics profiling in a rodent model.Communications biology · 2026Article
- CIGB-258, a Potential Novel Approach to Treat Sepsis-like Hyperinflammation, Reduces Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in Zebrafish Exposed to Carboxymethyllysine and Ethanol.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The role of immunomodulatory nano systems in the treatment of sepsis: past, present, and future.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Breaking the Stalemate: Advancing Sepsis Therapeutics Beyond Supportive Care.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2026Article
- A mouse model of sepsis-associated DIC induced by Kappa-carrageenan and Lipopolysaccharides: Establishment and characteristics.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Sepsis-related myocardial injury: the role of bacterial pathogens and toxins-a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Cannabinoids in preclinical research of sepsis: a scoping review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Charting new frontiers in nanoparticle immunotoxicity: A perspective on current, emerging, and future approaches.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Role of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Accelerating Breast Tumor Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Inactivation of PI3K-C2α deregulates cell death pathways and sensitizes to endotoxic shock.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in LPS-Induced Rapid Myocardial Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
174 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis remains a common, serious, and heterogeneous clinical entity that is difficult to define adequately. Despite its importance as a public health problem, efforts to develop and gain regulatory approval for a specific therapeutic agent for the adjuvant treatment of sepsis have been remarkably unsuccessful. One step in the critical pathway for the development of a new agent for adjuvant treatment of sepsis is evaluation in an appropriate animal model of the human condition. Unfortunately, the animal models that have been used for this purpose have often yielded misleading findings. It is likely that there are multiple reasons for the discrepancies between the results obtained in tests of pharmacological agents in animal models of sepsis and the outcomes of human clinical trials. One of important reason may be that the changes in gene expression, which are triggered by trauma or infection, are different in mice, a commonly used species for preclinical testing, and humans. Additionally, many species, including mice and baboons, are remarkably resistant to the toxic effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, whereas humans are exquisitely sensitive. New approaches toward the use of animals for sepsis research are being investigated. But, at present, results from preclinical studies of new therapeutic agents for sepsis must be viewed with a degree of skepticism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.