ArticlePloS one2013
The axe-txe complex of Enterococcus faecium presents a multilayered mode of toxin-antitoxin gene expression regulation.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: Novel insights on toxin activation across populations and experimental shortcomings.Current research in microbial sciences · 2023Review
- Minigene as a Novel Regulatory Element in Toxin-Antitoxin Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Identification of Three Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Model Bacterial Plant PathogenInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Insights into Transcriptional Repression of the Homologous Toxin-Antitoxin CassettesInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Emerging Roles of Toxin-Antitoxin Modules in Bacterial Pathogenesis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Wake me when it's over - Bacterial toxin-antitoxin proteins and induced dormancy.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2016Review
- Keeping the Wolves at Bay: Antitoxins of Prokaryotic Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2016Review
- Regulating toxin-antitoxin expression: controlled detonation of intracellular molecular timebombs.Toxins · 2014Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Multidrug-resistant variants of human pathogens from the genus Enterococcus represent a significant health threat as leading agents of nosocomial infections. The easy acquisition of plasmid-borne genes is intimately involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance in enterococci. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems play a major role in both maintenance of mobile genetic elements that specify antibiotic resistance, and in bacterial persistence and virulence. Expression of toxin and antitoxin genes must be in balance as inappropriate levels of toxin can be dangerous to the host. The controlled production of toxin and antitoxin is usually achieved by transcriptional autoregulation of TA operons. One of the most prevalent TA modules in enterococcal species is axe-txe which is detected in a majority of clinical isolates. Here, we demonstrate that the axe-txe cassette presents a complex pattern of gene expression regulation. Axe-Txe cooperatively autorepress expression from a major promoter upstream of the cassette. However, an internal promoter that drives the production of a newly discovered transcript from within axe gene combined with a possible modulation in mRNA stability play important roles in the modulation of Axe:Txe ratio to ensure controlled release of the toxin.
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