ArticleParasites & vectors2013
Isolation of deer tick virus (Powassan virus, lineage II) from Ixodes scapularis and detection of antibody in vertebrate hosts sampled in the Hudson Valley, New York State.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human pathogens associated with the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis: a systematic review.Parasites & vectors · 2016Pooled it
- Powassan Virus in the United States: An AI-Integrative One Health Scoping Review of Ecological Drivers, Zoonotic Interactions, Symptom Profiles, and Public Health Implications.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Deer tick virus genotypes are perpetuated by different modes of transmission.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and risk analysis of Powassan virus infection, New York state, USA, 2013-2023.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Article
- Zoonotic Orthoflaviviruses Related to Birds: A Literature Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Differential Virulence and Host-Specific Fitness of Regionally Distinct Human-Derived Powassan Virus Lineage 2 Strains.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Histological staining of tick bite skin biopsies for spirochetes and Powassan virus RNA.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Features of Consistent Powassan Virus Lineage II Focus in Southern Maine, United States.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Deer Tick Virus (Powassan Virus, Lineage II) in Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Five Habitats at a Nature Reserve in Southern Maine, United States.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Prevalence ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Article
- Interspecies co-feeding transmission of Powassan virus between a native tick, Ixodes scapularis, and the invasive East Asian tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Widespread Circulation of Tick-Borne Viruses in Virginia-Evidence of Exposure to Heartland, Bourbon, and Powassan Viruses in Wildlife and Livestock.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Powassan Virus Seropositivity Among People with History of Lyme Disease and Non-Lyme Community Controls in the Northeastern United States.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Active Surveillance of Powassan Virus in MassachusettsViruses · 2024Article
- Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York State.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDeer tick virus, DTV, is a genetically and ecologically distinct lineage of Powassan virus (POWV) also known as lineage II POWV. Human incidence of POW encephalitis has increased in the last 15 years potentially due to the emergence of DTV, particularly in the Hudson Valley of New York State. We initiated an extensive sampling campaign to determine whether POWV was extant throughout the Hudson Valley in tick vectors and/or vertebrate hosts.
methodsMore than 13,000 ticks were collected from hosts or vegetation and tested for the presence of DTV using molecular and virus isolation techniques. Vertebrate hosts of Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick) were trapped (mammals) or netted (birds) and blood samples analyzed for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to POWV. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) were calculated to determine infection rates in ticks at each study site.
resultsEvidence of DTV was identified each year from 2007 to 2012, in nymphal and adult I. scapularis collected from the Hudson Valley. 58 tick pools were positive for virus and/or RNA. Infection rates were higher in adult ticks collected from areas east of the Hudson River. MLE limits ranged from 0.2-6.0 infected adults per 100 at sites where DTV was detected. Virginia opossums, striped skunks and raccoons were the source of infected nymphal ticks collected as replete larvae. Serologic evidence of POWV infection was detected in woodchucks (4/6), an opossum (1/6), and birds (4/727). Lineage I, prototype POWV, was not detected.
conclusionsThese data demonstrate widespread enzootic transmission of DTV throughout the Hudson Valley, in particular areas east of the river. High infection rates were detected in counties where recent POW encephalitis cases have been identified, supporting the hypothesis that lineage II POWV, DTV, is responsible for these human infections.
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