ReviewVeterinary research2013
Innate sensing of viruses by pattern recognition receptors in birds.
Review in Veterinary research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Key role of TLR3 in type I IFN expression and apoptosis induction in IBDV-infected chicken fibroblast cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Multidimensional regulatory mechanisms of chicken immunity: focus on viral infection, intestinal microbiota and heat stress.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- The impact of innate and humoral immune mechanisms on vaccine induced protection against avian influenza H9N2 in broilers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- RNF20 dual regulation of MDA5 signaling to maintain immune homeostasis in chickens.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Generation and characterization of chicken monocyte-derived dendritic cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Wild Florida mottled ducks demonstrate strong heterogeneity in their humoral innate immune response.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative analysis of duck Tembusu virus Cluster 1 and Cluster 2.1 inCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Differences between mates at the TLR1Lb locus are associated with lower reproductive success in a long-lived seabird.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Macleaya cordata extract improves egg quality by altering gut health and microbiota in laying hens.Poultry science · 2024Article
- Review
- Antiviral Effects of Avian Interferon-Stimulated Genes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Review
- Protective immune response induced by Leghorn male hepatoma cell-adapted fowl adenovirus-4.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptor 4 pathway evolutionary trajectory and functional emergence.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Short chain fatty acids facilitate protective immunity by macrophages and T cells during acute fowl adenovirus-4 infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Evolutionary mechanisms underlying the diversification of nuclear factor of activated T cells across vertebrates.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- The swan genome and transcriptome, it is not all black and white.Genome biology · 2023Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Similar to mammals, several viral-sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRR) have been identified in birds including Toll-like receptors (TLR) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR). Avian TLR are slightly different from their mammalian counterparts, including the pseudogene TLR8, the absence of TLR9, and the presence of TLR1La, TLR1Lb, TLR15, and TLR21. Avian TLR3 and TLR7 are involved in RNA virus recognition, especially highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), while TLR15 and TLR21 are potential sensors that recognize both RNA viruses and bacteria. However, the agonist of TLR15 is still unknown. Interestingly, chickens, unlike ducks, geese and finches, lack RIG-I, however they do express melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) which functionally compensates for the absence of RIG-I. Duck RIG-I is the cytosolic recognition element for HPAIV recognition, while chicken cells sense HPAIV through MDA5. However, the contributions of MDA5 and RIG-I to IFN-β induction upon HPAIV infection is different, and this may contribute to the chicken's susceptibility to highly pathogenic influenza. It is noteworthy that the interactions between avian DNA viruses and PRR have not yet been reported. Furthermore, the role for avian Nod-like receptors (NLR) in viral immunity is largely unknown. In this review, recent advances in the field of viral recognition by different types of PRR in birds are summarized. In particular, the tissue and cellular distribution of avian PRR, the recognition and activation of PRR by viruses, and the subsequent expression of innate antiviral genes such as type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.