ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2013
Endosymbiosis in trypanosomatids: the genomic cooperation between bacterium and host in the synthesis of essential amino acids is heavily influenced by multiple horizontal gene transfers.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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44 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic and metabolic divergence of the primary symbiont Candidatus Portiera between Bemisia tabaci and other whitefly species.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Subcellular proteomics reveals a blueprint for endosymbiont integration in trypanosomatid Angomonas deanei.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Protein import into bacterial endosymbionts and evolving organelles.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- A nucleus-encoded dynamin-like protein controls endosymbiont division in the trypanosomatidScience advances · 2025Article
- Heme metabolism in Strigomonas culicis: Implications of HThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
- Evolutionary analysis of globin domains from kinetoplastids.Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- The Importance of Glycerophospholipid Production to the Mutualist Symbiosis of Trypanosomatids.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Genomics of Trypanosomatidae: Where We Stand and What Needs to Be Done?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A New Model Trypanosomatid,mBio · 2021Article
- Endosymbiont Capture, a Repeated Process of Endosymbiont Transfer with Replacement in TrypanosomatidsPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Bodo saltans (Kinetoplastida) is dependent on a novel Paracaedibacter-like endosymbiont that possesses multiple putative toxin-antitoxin systems.The ISME journal · 2021Article
- Euglenozoa: taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses.Open biology · 2021Review
- Chromosomal assembly of the nuclear genome of the endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatid Angomonas deanei.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Editorial: Symbioses Between Protists and Bacteria/Archaea.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
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- Evolution of metabolic capabilities and molecular features of diplonemids, kinetoplastids, and euglenids.BMC biology · 2020Article
- If host is refractory, insistent parasite goes berserk: Trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia raabei in the dock bug Coreus marginatus.PloS one · 2020Article
- UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in trypanosomatid genomes have diversified independently to meet the distinct developmental needs of parasite adaptations.BMC evolutionary biology · 2018Article
- Functional horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to eukaryotes.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTrypanosomatids of the genera Angomonas and Strigomonas live in a mutualistic association characterized by extensive metabolic cooperation with obligate endosymbiotic Betaproteobacteria. However, the role played by the symbiont has been more guessed by indirect means than evidenced. Symbiont-harboring trypanosomatids, in contrast to their counterparts lacking symbionts, exhibit lower nutritional requirements and are autotrophic for essential amino acids. To evidence the symbiont's contributions to this autotrophy, entire genomes of symbionts and trypanosomatids with and without symbionts were sequenced here.
resultsAnalyses of the essential amino acid pathways revealed that most biosynthetic routes are in the symbiont genome. By contrast, the host trypanosomatid genome contains fewer genes, about half of which originated from different bacterial groups, perhaps only one of which (ornithine cyclodeaminase, EC:4.3.1.12) derived from the symbiont. Nutritional, enzymatic, and genomic data were jointly analyzed to construct an integrated view of essential amino acid metabolism in symbiont-harboring trypanosomatids. This comprehensive analysis showed perfect concordance among all these data, and revealed that the symbiont contains genes for enzymes that complete essential biosynthetic routes for the host amino acid production, thus explaining the low requirement for these elements in symbiont-harboring trypanosomatids. Phylogenetic analyses show that the cooperation between symbionts and their hosts is complemented by multiple horizontal gene transfers, from bacterial lineages to trypanosomatids, that occurred several times in the course of their evolution. Transfers occur preferentially in parts of the pathways that are missing from other eukaryotes.
conclusionWe have herein uncovered the genetic and evolutionary bases of essential amino acid biosynthesis in several trypanosomatids with and without endosymbionts, explaining and complementing decades of experimental results. We uncovered the remarkable plasticity in essential amino acid biosynthesis pathway evolution in these protozoans, demonstrating heavy influence of horizontal gene transfer events, from Bacteria to trypanosomatid nuclei, in the evolution of these pathways.
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