ArticlePloS one2013
Cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin synthetase genes in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii strains from Brazilian freshwater.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutrient-driven regulation of saxitoxin gene expression and toxin production in Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria).Journal of phycology · 2025Article
- Phylogenomic and Pangenomic Assessment of a Mediterranean Strain of Raphidiopsis raciborskii Extends Knowledge of the Global Distribution and Characteristics of a Potentially Toxigenic Cyanobacterium.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Article
- Spatial and Temporal Variability of Saxitoxin-Producing Cyanobacteria in U.S. Urban Lakes.Toxins · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Cyanobacterial community succession and associated cyanotoxin production in hypereutrophic and eutrophic freshwaters.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2021Review
- Interactive effect of water level and flushing rate on population dynamics of a harmful cyanobacterial species: Raphidiopsis raciborskii.Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2021Article
- Preliminary evidence on the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from culture enrichments followed by PCR analysis: new perspectives from Africa (Mali) and South Pacific (Fiji) countries.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Isolation and Characterization ofToxins · 2020Article
- Dereplication of Natural Products with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity from Brazilian Cyanobacteria.Toxins · 2019Article
- Article
- Molecular Verification of Bloom-formingInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Genomic and Genotypic Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Massive fish mortality and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii bloom in Aleksandrovac Lake.Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2016Article
- Article
- Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii: review of the distribution, phylogeography, and ecophysiology of a global invasive species.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- Sporadic distribution and distinctive variations of cylindrospermopsin genes in cyanobacterial strains and environmental samples from Chinese freshwater bodies.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Comparative genomics of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii strains with differential toxicities.BMC genomics · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii population from Brazilian freshwater is known to produce saxitoxin derivatives (STX), while cylindrospermopsin (CYN), which is commonly detected in isolates from Australia and Asia continents, has thus far not been detected in South American strains. However, during the investigation for the presence of cyrA, cyrB, cyrC and cyrJ CYN synthetase genes in the genomes of four laboratory-cultured C. raciborskii Brazilian strains, the almost complete cyrA gene sequences were obtained for all strains, while cyrB and cyrC gene fragments were observed in two strains. These nucleotide sequences were translated into amino acids, and the predicted protein functions and domains confirmed their identity as CYN synthetase genes. Attempts to PCR amplify cyrJ gene fragments from the four strains were unsuccessful. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the nucleotide sequences together with their homologues found in known CYN synthetase clusters of C. raciborskii strains with high bootstrap support. In addition, fragments of sxtA, sxtB and sxtI genes involved in STX production were also obtained. Extensive LC-MS analyses were unable to detect CYN in the cultured strains, whereas the production of STX and its analogues was confirmed in CENA302, CENA305 and T3. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the presence of cyr genes in South American strains of C. raciborskii and the presence of sxt and cyr genes in a single C. raciborskii strain. This discovery suggests a shift in the type of cyanotoxin production over time of South American strains of C. raciborskii and contributes to the reconstruction of the evolutionary history and diversification of cyanobacterial toxins.
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