Trial reportPloS one2013
Robots with display screens: a robot with a more humanlike face display is perceived to have more mind and a better personality.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Intelligent Physical Robots in Health Care: Systematic Literature Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- Humanlikeness as design, anthropomorphism as inference: a conceptual framework for human-robot interaction.Frontiers in cognition · 2026Review
- Neural dynamics of mental state attribution to social robot faces.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2025Article
- Gendered anthropomorphism in human-robot interaction: the role of robot gender in human motivation in task contexts.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Empathy enhances decoding accuracy of human neurophysiological responses to emotional facial expressions of humans and dogs.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2024Article
- Ascribing consciousness to artificial intelligence: human-AI interaction and its carry-over effects on human-human interaction.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Opinion attribution improves motivation to exchange subjective opinions with humanoid robots.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Article
- Telepresence robots as facilitators of physical exercise during COVID-19: a feasibility and acceptance study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Ethics 4.0: Ethical Dilemmas in Healthcare Mediated by Social Robots.International journal of social robotics · 2023Article
- Mind Perception in HRI: Exploring Users' Attribution of Mental and Emotional States to Robots with Different Behavioural Styles.International journal of social robotics · 2023Article
- Human-Like Movements of Industrial Robots Positively Impact Observer Perception.International journal of social robotics · 2022Article
- Nursing and human-computer interaction in healthcare robots for older people: An integrative review.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2022Review
- Generative Adversarial Networks and Data Clustering for Likable Drone Design.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Robots do not judge: service robots can alleviate embarrassment in service encounters.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · 2022Article
- Article
- Preschoolers' anthropomorphizing of robots: Do human-like properties matter?Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Robot faces elicit responses intermediate to human faces and objects at face-sensitive ERP components.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- An Immersive Investment Game to Study Human-Robot Trust.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2021Article
- A Systematic Review of Human and Robot Personality in Health Care Human-Robot Interaction.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2021Review
- A Robot Is Not Worth Another: Exploring Children's Mental State Attribution to Different Humanoid Robots.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is important for robot designers to know how to make robots that interact effectively with humans. One key dimension is robot appearance and in particular how humanlike the robot should be. Uncanny Valley theory suggests that robots look uncanny when their appearance approaches, but is not absolutely, human. An underlying mechanism may be that appearance affects users' perceptions of the robot's personality and mind. This study aimed to investigate how robot facial appearance affected perceptions of the robot's mind, personality and eeriness. A repeated measures experiment was conducted. 30 participants (14 females and 16 males, mean age 22.5 years) interacted with a Peoplebot healthcare robot under three conditions in a randomized order: the robot had either a humanlike face, silver face, or no-face on its display screen. Each time, the robot assisted the participant to take his/her blood pressure. Participants rated the robot's mind, personality, and eeriness in each condition. The robot with the humanlike face display was most preferred, rated as having most mind, being most humanlike, alive, sociable and amiable. The robot with the silver face display was least preferred, rated most eerie, moderate in mind, humanlikeness and amiability. The robot with the no-face display was rated least sociable and amiable. There was no difference in blood pressure readings between the robots with different face displays. Higher ratings of eeriness were related to impressions of the robot with the humanlike face display being less amiable, less sociable and less trustworthy. These results suggest that the more humanlike a healthcare robot's face display is, the more people attribute mind and positive personality characteristics to it. Eeriness was related to negative impressions of the robot's personality. Designers should be aware that the face on a robot's display screen can affect both the perceived mind and personality of the robot.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.