ArticlePloS one2013
How television fast food marketing aimed at children compares with adult advertisements.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Attention to food cues following media multitasking is associated with cross-sectional BMI among adolescents.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Food advertising during children's television programmes in Italy.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- Promotion of Meal Premiums in Child-Directed TV Advertising for Children's Fast-food Meals.Pediatrics · 2021Article
- Influence of child-targeted fast food TV advertising exposure on fast food intake: A longitudinal study of preschool-age children.Appetite · 2019Article
- The prevalence and audience reach of food and beverage advertising on Chilean television according to marketing tactics and nutritional quality of products.Public health nutrition · 2019Article
- Media Multitasking Is Associated With Higher Body Mass Index in Pre-adolescent Children.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Role of government policy in nutrition-barriers to and opportunities for healthier eating.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Article
- Implicit Messages Regarding Unhealthy Foodstuffs in Chinese Television Advertisements: Increasing the Risk of Obesity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Progress Evaluation for the Restaurant Industry Assessed by a Voluntary Marketing-Mix and Choice-Architecture Framework That Offers Strategies to Nudge American Customers toward Healthy Food Environments, 2006-2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Article
- Child-targeted fast-food television advertising exposure is linked with fast-food intake among pre-school children.Public health nutrition · 2017Article
- A content analysis of health-related advertisements in Islamic Republic of Iran broadcasting (IRIB).Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2016Article
- Commercial Television Exposure, Fast Food Toy Collecting, and Family Visits to Fast Food Restaurants among Families Living in Rural Communities.The Journal of pediatrics · 2016Article
- A toy story: Association between young children's knowledge of fast food toy premiums and their fast food consumption.Appetite · 2016Article
- "We're Part of the Solution": Evolution of the Food and Beverage Industry's Framing of Obesity Concerns Between 2000 and 2012.American journal of public health · 2015Article
- Reading the mind of children in response to food advertising: a cross-sectional study of Malaysian schoolchildren's attitudes towards food and beverages advertising on television.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Article
- Medical journals and free speech.Pediatrics · 2015Review
- Children's recall of fast food television advertising-testing the adequacy of food marketing regulation.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesQuick service restaurant (QSR) television advertisements for children's meals were compared with adult advertisements from the same companies to assess whether self-regulatory pledges for food advertisements to children had been implemented.
methodsAll nationally televised advertisements for the top 25 US QSR restaurants from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010 were obtained and viewed to identify those advertising meals for children and these advertisements were compared with adult advertisements from the same companies. Content coding included visual and audio assessment of branding, toy premiums, movie tie-ins, and depictions of food. For image size comparisons, the diagonal length of the advertisement was compared with the diagonal length of salient food and drink images.
resultsAlmost all of the 92 QSR children's meal advertisements that aired during the study period were attributable to McDonald's (70%) or Burger King (29%); 79% of 25,000 television placements aired on just four channels (Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, Disney XD, and Nicktoons). Visual branding was more common in children's advertisements vs. adult advertisements, with food packaging present in 88% vs. 23%, and street view of the QSR restaurant present in 41% vs. 12%. Toy premiums or giveaways were present in 69% vs. 1%, and movie tie-ins present in 55% vs. 14% of children's vs. adult advertisements. Median food image diagonal length was 20% of the advertisement diagonal for children's and 45% for adult advertisements. The audio script for children's advertisements emphasized giveaways and movie tie-ins whereas adult advertisements emphasized food taste, price and portion size.
conclusionsChildren's QSR advertisements emphasized toy giveaways and movie tie-ins rather than food products. Self-regulatory pledges to focus on actual food products instead of toy premiums were not supported by this analysis.
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