ArticleNeuro-oncology2013
Toll-like receptor 2 mediates microglia/brain macrophage MT1-MMP expression and glioma expansion.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review on Tumor Microenvironment in Glial Neoplasm: From Understanding Pathogenesis to Future Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- TLR2 and TLR9 in Brain Cancer Patients in Relation to EBV Status.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- IFI30 reprograms glioblastoma-associated macrophage and induces immune evasion by MAFF/PTGS2 pathway.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- M2-like GAMs secreting CSTA drive glioblastoma progression via the ITGB4-TGFB1 feedback axis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Host TLR4 activation by tenascin-C is associated with MMP14-dependent glioma invasion.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Innate Immune Signaling in Gliomas: Regulatory Mechanisms and Targeting Potential in Tumor Progression.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hydrogen sulfide inhibits recruitment of monocyte-derived tumor associated macrophages in glioblastoma by downregulating CXCL12.Redox biology · 2025Article
- Divergent Crosstalk Between Microglia and T Cells in Brain Cancers: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Brain microenvironment orchestrates highly aggressive tumor variants: current trends and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Expression of toll-like receptors and inflammatory mediators in primary human glioma cells (low- and high-grade) compared to primary cells from epileptic human brain.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- Old players and new insights: unraveling the role of RNA-binding proteins in brain tumors.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Potential target within the tumor microenvironment - MT1-MMP.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Bioinformatics analysis ofTranslational cancer research · 2024Article
- Extracellular Matrix Structure and Interaction with Immune Cells in Adult Astrocytic Tumors.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- The prognostic relevance of a gene expression signature in MRI-defined highly vascularized glioblastoma.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Machine learning-based identification of a cell death-related signature associated with prognosis and immune infiltration in glioma.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- MyD88 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer: Prospects and Challenges.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Biosensor-Enhanced Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Investigating Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Tumor associated microglia/macrophages utilize GPNMB to promote tumor growth and alter immune cell infiltration in glioma.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlioblastomas are the most aggressive primary brain tumors in humans. Microglia/brain macrophage accumulation in and around the tumor correlates with malignancy and poor clinical prognosis of these tumors. We have previously shown that microglia promote glioma expansion through upregulation of membrane type 1 matrix metalloprotease (MT1-MMP). This upregulation depends on signaling via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88).
methodsUsing in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo techniques, we identified TLR2 as the main TLR controlling microglial MT1-MMP expression and promoting microglia-assisted glioma expansion.
resultsThe implantation of mouse GL261 glioma cells into TLR2 knockout mice resulted in significantly smaller tumors, reduced MT1-MMP expression, and enhanced survival rates compared with wild-type control mice. Tumor expansion studied in organotypic brain slices depended on both parenchymal TLR2 expression and the presence of microglia. Glioma-derived soluble factors and synthetic TLR2 specific ligands induced MT1-MMP expression in microglia from wild-type mice, but no such change in MT1-MMP gene expression was observed in microglia from TLR2 knockout mice. We also found evidence that TLR1 and TLR6 cofunction with TLR2 as heterodimers in regulating MT1-MMP expression in vitro.
conclusionsOur results thus show that activation of TLR2 along with TLRs 1 and/or 6 converts microglia into a glioma supportive phenotype.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.