ArticleArchives of sexual behavior2014
A comparison of measurement methods and sexual dimorphism for digit ratio (2D:4D) in Han ethnicity.
Article in Archives of sexual behavior, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association study identifies nine novel loci for 2D:4D finger ratio, a putative retrospective biomarker of testosterone exposure in utero.Human molecular genetics · 2018Pooled it
- Sex-related biological variation and mental toughness in soccer: a 2D:4D digit-ratio study of Type a, Type B and Type C classification across playing positions.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Radiologically Assessed Sex-Specific Left-Hand Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Caucasian Children and Adolescents from South Germany.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- The association and underlying mechanism of the digit ratio (2D:4D) in hypospadias.Asian journal of andrology · 2024Article
- Can Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Be Indicative of Predispositions to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women - Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves' Disease?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- No evidence for a difference in 2D:4D ratio between youth with elevated prenatal androgen exposure due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia and controls.Hormones and behavior · 2021Article
- The association between digit ratio (2D:4D) and blood pressure among children and adolescents.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Article
- Differential Placing of Flexion Creases Contributes to Sex Differences in the Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D).Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Digit Ratios Derived from Dorsal Digit Length among Adults and Children.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Article
- 2D:4D Ratio and its Implications in Medicine.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The digit ratio (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic and has been considered an indicator of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Previous studies have shown that males tend to have lower 2D to 4D ratio than females, and this sexual dimorphism has been reported across different ethnic groups and different countries. However, digit ratio data are missing from the Han ethnicity in China. Furthermore, most of the previous studies used direct measurement for digit ratio. In this article, we used multiple measurement methods, including the direct measurement and two X-ray measurement methods to examine the trait of 2D:4D in Chinese Han. Our sample consisted of 128 men and 122 women from Liaoning Medical University. They were 18-20 years old. The direct measurement and two types of X-ray measurements of the length of their 2nd and 4th fingers were used separately to calculate digit ratios. Soft tissue thickness of 2D and 4D fingertips were also assessed from the two X-ray methods. The results suggest that (1) sex differences in 2D:4D tend to be stronger in the two X-ray measurements in comparison to the direct measurement; (2) 2D:4D ratios from X-ray measurements tend to be lower than that from the direct measurement; (3) Han ethnicity have a lower mean value of 2D:4D than other ethnic groups; (4) no sex difference in the soft tissue of finger tips. In conclusion, the digit ratio is lower in both men and women in Han, and the sexual dimorphism in digit ratio was stronger with X-ray measurements in comparison to the direct measurement.
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