ArticleJournal of bacteriology2013
The Clostridium perfringens germinant receptor protein GerKC is located in the spore inner membrane and is crucial for spore germination.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in understanding the Clostridial spore inner membrane.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Inhibition ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Genomic identification of germinant receptors and phenotypic response to germinants inCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- The biology and pathogenicity ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Impact of pH and High-Pressure Pasteurization on the Germination and Development ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Frequency of Antibiotic-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cultivation of Spore-Forming Gut Microbes Using a Combination of Bile Acids and Amino Acids.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Importance of Individual Germination Receptor Subunits in the Cooperative Function between GerA and Ynd.Journal of bacteriology · 2019Article
- Sporulation and Germination in Clostridial Pathogens.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Updates to Clostridium difficile Spore Germination.Journal of bacteriology · 2018Review
- The orphan germinant receptor protein GerXAO (but not GerX3b) is essential for L-alanine induced germination in Clostridium botulinum Group II.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Superdormant Spores as a Hurdle for Gentle Germination-Inactivation Based Spore Control Strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Canonical germinant receptor is dispensable for spore germination in Clostridium botulinum group II strain NCTC 11219.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Inactivation Strategies for Clostridium perfringens Spores and Vegetative Cells.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Review
- Germinants and Their Receptors in Clostridia.Journal of bacteriology · 2016Review
- Effects of High-Pressure Treatment on Spores of Clostridium Species.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Analysis of the Spore Membrane Proteome in Clostridium perfringens Implicates Cyanophycin in Spore Assembly.Journal of bacteriology · 2016Article
- Clostridium perfringens Sporulation and Sporulation-Associated Toxin Production.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Review
- Diversity of the Germination Apparatus inFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium perfringens causes a variety of diseases in both humans and animals, and spore germination is thought to be the first stage of C. perfringens infection. Previous studies have indicated that the germinant receptor (GR) proteins encoded by the bicistronic gerKA-gerKC operon as well as the proteins encoded by the gerKB and gerAA genes are required for normal germination of C. perfringens spores. We now report the individual role of these GR proteins by analyzing the germination of strains carrying mutations in gerKA, gerKC, or both gerKB and gerAA. Western blot analysis was also used to determine the location and numbers of GerKC proteins in spores. Conclusions from this work include the following: (i) gerKC mutant spores germinate extremely poorly with KCl, l-asparagine, a mixture of asparagine and KCl, or NaPi; (ii) gerKC spores germinate significantly more slowly than wild-type and other GR mutant spores with a 1:1 chelate of Ca(2+) and dipicolinic acid and very slightly more slowly with dodecylamine; (iii) the germination defects in gerKC spores are largely restored by expressing the wild-type gerKA-gerKC operon in trans; (iv) GerKC is required for the spores' viability, almost certainly because of the gerKC spores' poor germination; and (v) GerKC is located in the spores' inner membrane, with ∼250 molecules/spore. Collectively, these results indicate that GerKC is the main GR protein required for nutrient and nonnutrient germination of spores of C. perfringens food-poisoning isolates.
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