ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2013
Using pneumococcal carriage data to monitor postvaccination changes in invasive disease.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Analysing pneumococcal invasiveness using Bayesian models of pathogen progression rates.PLoS computational biology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Clinical and evidence-based considerations for choosing a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in India: A narrative review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Pneumococcal genotype 23B1 as a driver of increased 23B serotype carriage, penicillin non-susceptibility, and invasive disease in Belgium: a retrospective analysis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine six years post-introduction on pneumococcal carriage in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Serotype epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of pneumococcal isolates colonizing infants in Botswana (2016-2019).PloS one · 2024Article
- Dynamics of Antibiotic Resistance ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Optimization of a high-throughput nanofluidic real-time PCR to detect and quantify of 15 bacterial species and 92 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Pneumococcal Carriage, and Respiratory Viral Infections Among Children in France.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- The impact of 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine introduction on invasive disease in Fiji.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Evolution of pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Botswana following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.PloS one · 2022Article
- Determining the serotype composition of mixed samples of pneumococcus using whole-genome sequencing.Microbial genomics · 2021Article
- Post-VaccinationMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Article
- Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Colonization and Invasive Disease in Cambodian Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Associations between ethnicity, social contact, and pneumococcal carriage three years post-PCV10 in Fiji.Vaccine · 2020Article
- Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes among children in India prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Carriage in Nigeria: a two-site, population-based survey.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been introduced worldwide. However, few developing countries have high-quality surveillance systems available for monitoring vaccine impact. We evaluated whether data from nasopharyngeal carriage studies can be used to accurately monitor post-PCV changes in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children under 5 years of age. For various dates during 1991-2010, data on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage and on IPD before and after administration of 7-valent PCV (PCV7) were available from England and Wales, the Netherlands, the Navajo and White Mountain Apache American Indian populations, and the US states of Massachusetts and Alaska. We estimated the change in carriage prevalence for each serotype in each study and then either calculated the average change (inverse variance-weighted) among vaccine and nonvaccine serotypes (model 1) or used mixed-effects models to estimate the change for each serotype individually, pooling serotype data within or between studies (models 2 and 3). We then multiplied these values by the proportion of IPD caused by each serotype during the pre-PCV7 period to obtain an estimate of post-PCV7 disease incidence. Model 1 accurately captured overall changes in IPD incidence following PCV7 introduction for most studies, while the more detailed models, models 2 and 3, were less accurate. Carriage data can be used in this simple model to estimate post-PCV changes in IPD incidence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.