ReviewExperimental eye research2013
T helper cytokines in dry eye disease.
Review in Experimental eye research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sodium Hyaluronate in the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Response of tear cytokines following intense pulsed light combined with meibomian gland expression for treating meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Lebrikizumab, a High-Affinity Interleukin 13 Inhibitor, in Adults With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase 2b Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA dermatology · 2020Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of a Preservative-Free Artificial Tear Containing Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid for Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter 3-Month Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Trial
- Application of autologous serum eye drops after pterygium surgery: a prospective study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2018Trial
- Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial Comparing the Impact of Sham or Intranasal Tear Neurostimulation on Conjunctival Goblet Cell Degranulation.American journal of ophthalmology · 2017Trial
- Dual-Polymer Drops, Contact Lens Comfort, and Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2016Trial
- Efficacy of 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium for treating dry eye after phacoemulsification: results from a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study.BMC ophthalmology · 2015Trial
- Pathological mechanisms of Sjögren's disease-related dry eye: from multiglandular dysfunction to ocular surface inflammation.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Biologic therapy is associated with reduced ocular disease in psoriasis: a real-world study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Integrated Evaluation of Corneal Damage, Goblet Cell Remodeling and Inflammatory Response in a Murine Model of Environmental Dry Eye Disease (DED).Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The 'target tissues' as orchestrators of autoimmune responses: the paradigm of Sjögren's syndrome.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for dry eye disease: principles, progress, and challenges.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Isoform Imbalance Is Associated with Innate Inflammation and Corneal Epitheliopathy in Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmic research · 2026Article
- Association between air pollution and dry eye: insights from network toxicology and molecular docking analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- The Immunobiology of Dry Eye Disease: A Review of the Pathogenesis, Regulation and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cytokines in age-related eye diseases: pathogenesis and potential targets for innovative therapies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine A on tear inflammatory cytokines and goblet cell function after corneal refractive surgery.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Sourced Exosomes as Potentially Novel Remedies for Severe Dry Eye Disease.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- The Role of Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Evaluation of Conjunctival Microvilli as an Early Biomarker of Ocular Surface Health: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dry eye is an inflammatory disease that results from activation of innate inflammatory pathways in resident ocular surface cells, as well as cytokines produced by recruited T helper (Th) cells. Cytokines produced by the infiltrating Th cells alter the normal cytokine balance on the ocular surface and cause ocular surface epithelial pathology. Changes in levels of Th cytokines on the ocular surface have been measured in dry eye and the biological effects of these cytokines have been documented in experimental culture and mouse model systems. The Th2 cytokine IL-13 has a homeostatic role in promoting goblet cell differentiation. In contrast, The Th1 cytokine IFN-γ antagonizes IL-13 and promotes apoptosis and squamous metaplasia of the ocular surface epithelia. The Th17 cytokine, IL-17 promotes corneal epithelial barrier disruption. The ocular surface epithelium expresses receptors to all of these Th cytokines. Therapies that maintain normal IL-13 signaling, or suppress IFN-γ and IL-17 have potential for treating the ocular surface disease of dry eye.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.