Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24009663›Full record

ArticlePloS one2013

Multiplex qPCR for detection and absolute quantification of malaria.

Edwin Kamau, Saba Alemayehu, Karla C Feghali, David Saunders, Christian F Ockenhouse

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
97citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Increase of Dose Associated With Decrease in Protection Against Controlled Human Malaria Infection by PfSPZ Vaccine in Tanzanian Adults.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020
    Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Safety and Differential Antibody and T-Cell Responses to theThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019
    Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Protection againstJCI insight · 2017
    Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Reversal of Chloroquine Resistance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Low prevalence ofFrontiers in epidemiology · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Global assessment of partial artemisinin resistance: multicenter trial across Kenya, Peru, and Thailand in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025
    Article

37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Edwin KamauMilitary Malaria Research Program, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. edwin.kamau@us.army.mil
Saba Alemayehu
Karla C Feghali
David Saunders
Christian F Ockenhouse

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We describe development of an absolute multiplex quantitative real-time PCR for detection of Plasmodium spp., P. falciparum and P. vivax targets in order to produce an assay amenable to high throughput but with reduced costs. Important qPCR experimental details and information that is critical to performance and reliability of assay results were investigated. Inhibition studies were performed to test and compare co-purification of PCR inhibitors in samples extracted from whole blood using either the manual or automated methods. To establish the most optimal qPCR reaction volume, volume titration of the reaction master mix was performed starting at 10 µl to 1 µl reaction master mix with 1 µl of template DNA in each reaction. As the reaction volume decreased, qPCR assays became more efficient with 1 µl reaction master mix being the most efficient. For more accurate quantification of parasites in a sample, we developed plasmid DNAs for all the three assay targets for absolute quantification. All of absolute qPCR assays performed with efficiency of more than 94%, R(2) values greater than 0.99 and the STDEV of each replicate was <0.167. Linear regression plots generated from absolute qPCR assays were used to estimate the corresponding parasite density from relative qPCR in terms of parasite/µl. One copy of plasmid DNA was established to be equivalent to 0.1 parasite/µl for Plasmodium spp. assay, 0.281 parasites for P. falciparum assay and 0.127 parasite/µl for P. vivax assay. This study demonstrates for the first time use of plasmid DNA in absolute quantification of malaria parasite. The use of plasmid DNA standard in quantification of malaria parasite will be critical as efforts are underway to harmonize molecular assays used in diagnosis of malaria.

Indexed as

Multiplex Polymerase Chain ReactionReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionHumansMalariaParasite LoadPlasmodiumPlasmodium falciparumPlasmodium vivaxReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and Specificity

Identifiers

PMID24009663
PMCPMC3756973

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.