ReviewFrontiers in physiology2013
Hyperkalemic cardioplegia for adult and pediatric surgery: end of an era?
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Can heartbeat recovery be improved with terminal non-cardioplegic warm blood perfusion prior to aortic unclamping in single-clamp technique coronary artery bypass surgery? A randomized controlled trial.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Trial
- Pretreatment with glucose-insulin-potassium improves ventricular performances after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2020Trial
- Single-Dose Lignocaine-Based Blood Cardioplegia in Single Valve Replacement Patients.Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgeryTrial
- Modified Del Nido Cardioplegia with a 1:4 Crystalloid-to-Blood Ratio Versus Blood-Based St. Thomas Cardioplegia in Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- The novel St Thomas' Hospital polarizing blood cardioplegia: results in hearts with reduced ejection fraction.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Two Different Cardioplegic Solutions in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery; A randomize clinical trial.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- Inhibitors of NLRP3 Inflammasome Formation: A Cardioprotective Role for the Gasotransmitters Carbon Monoxide, Nitric Oxide, and Hydrogen Sulphide in Acute Myocardial Infarction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Potential Neurological Impact of Intraoperative Hyponatremia Using Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Cardioplegia Infusion in Adult Cardiac Surgery.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Revolution in sepsis: a symptoms-based to a systems-based approach?Journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
- Novel Strategies to Improve the Cardioprotective Effects of Cardioplegia.Current cardiology reviews · 2024Review
- Health position paper and redox perspectives on reactive oxygen species as signals and targets of cardioprotection.Redox biology · 2023Review
- Open-heart surgery using Del-Nido cardioplegia in two dogs: partial atrioventricular septal defect and mitral repair.Journal of veterinary science · 2023Article
- Cardioplegia in Open Heart Surgery: Age Matters.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Hyperkalemic or Low Potassium Cardioplegia Protects against Reduction of Energy Metabolism by Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Adenosine, lidocaine and MgFrontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Protective effects of trehalose preconditioning on cardiac and coronary endothelial function through eNOS signaling pathway in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Article
- Theoretical and Practical Aspects in the Use of Bretschneider Cardioplegia.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- Hypothermia Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction during Acute Ischemia Reperfusion by Maintaining Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and by Promoting Hexokinase II Binding to Mitochondria.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- An important cardiac surgery milestone: The first known stopped-heart operation.JTCVS techniques · 2021Article
- A Cardioplegic Solution with an Understanding of a Cardiochannelopathy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite surgical proficiency and innovation driving low mortality rates in cardiac surgery, the disease severity, comorbidity rate, and operative procedural difficulty have increased. Today's cardiac surgery patient is older, has a "sicker" heart and often presents with multiple comorbidities; a scenario that was relatively rare 20 years ago. The global challenge has been to find new ways to make surgery safer for the patient and more predictable for the surgeon. A confounding factor that may influence clinical outcome is high K(+) cardioplegia. For over 40 years, potassium depolarization has been linked to transmembrane ionic imbalances, arrhythmias and conduction disturbances, vasoconstriction, coronary spasm, contractile stunning, and low output syndrome. Other than inducing rapid electrochemical arrest, high K(+) cardioplegia offers little or no inherent protection to adult or pediatric patients. This review provides a brief history of high K(+) cardioplegia, five areas of increasing concern with prolonged membrane K(+) depolarization, and the basic science and clinical data underpinning a new normokalemic, "polarizing" cardioplegia comprising adenosine and lidocaine (AL) with magnesium (Mg(2+)) (ALM™). We argue that improved cardioprotection, better outcomes, faster recoveries and lower healthcare costs are achievable and, despite the early predictions from the stent industry and cardiology, the "cath lab" may not be the place where the new wave of high-risk morbid patients are best served.
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