ArticleMolecules and cells2013
Midazolam induces cellular apoptosis in human cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in xenograft mice.
Article in Molecules and cells, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04532606 (Impact of Remimazolam Tosilate for General Anesthesia on Prognosis After Bladder Cancer Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Remimazolam Tosilate for General Anesthesia on Prognosis After Bladder Cancer Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Midazolam Reduces Metabolic Viability and Induces Apoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cells with Selective Transcriptional Modulation of Wnt and Hedgehog Components: A Preliminary In Vitro Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enhanced Tumor Targeting with Midazolam-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: An In Vivo Analysis of Safety and Efficacy.Medical science monitor basic research · 2025Article
- Unraveling the anti-tumor effects of midazolam in non-small cell lung cancer through the lncRNA XLOC_010706/miR-520d-5p/STAT3/autophagy pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mechanistic insights into the effect of midazolam on the malignant progression of ovarian cancer.CytoJournal · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analysis and experiments revealed that remimazolam promotes proliferation and G1/S transition in HCT8 cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Role of midazolam on cancer progression/survival - An updated systematic review.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- Review
- Does the Choice of Anaesthesia Affect Cancer? A Molecular Crosstalk between Theory and Practice.Cancers · 2022Review
- Drug Repurposing: The Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of Anti-Cancer Effects of Anesthetics.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Midazolam Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Metastasis and Enhances Apoptosis by Elevating miR-217.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Midazolam's Effects on Delayed-Rectifier KInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Combined Effect of Midazolam and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Differentiation Induction from C2C12 Myoblast Cells to Osteoblasts.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Sesquiterpene Alcohol Cedrol Chemosensitizes Human Cancer Cells and Suppresses Cell Proliferation by Destabilizing Plasma Membrane Lipid Rafts.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Naringenin Prevents Propofol Induced Neurodegeneration in Neonatal Mice Brain and Long-Term Neurocognitive Impacts on Adults.Drug design, development and therapy · 2020Article
- Sufentanil impairs autophagic degradation and inhibits cell migration in NCI-H460Oncology letters · 2019Article
- Potential for Drug Repositioning of Midazolam for Dentin Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Midazolam anesthesia protects neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced death via activation of the JNK-ERK pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2017Article
- Insights into the Roles of Midazolam in Cancer Therapy.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2017Review
- TRPM7 channel inhibition mediates midazolam-induced proliferation loss in human malignant glioma.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Article
- Midazolam regulated caspase pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and cell cycle to induce apoptosis in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells.OncoTargets and therapy · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Midazolam is a widely used anesthetic of the benzodiazepine class that has shown cytotoxicity and apoptosisinducing activity in neuronal cells and lymphocytes. This study aims to evaluate the effect of midazolam on growth of K562 human leukemia cells and HT29 colon cancer cells. The in vivo effect of midazolam was investigated in BALB/c-nu mice bearing K562 and HT29 cells human tumor xenografts. The results show that midazolam decreased the viability of K562 and HT29 cells by inducing apoptosis and S phase cell-cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner. Midazolam activated caspase-9, capspase-3 and PARP indicating induction of the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Midazolam lowered mitochondrial membrane potential and increased apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Midazolam showed reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity through inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) enzyme activity in K562 cells. Midazolam caused inhibition of pERK1/2 signaling which led to inhibition of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-XL and XIAP and phosphorylation activation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bid. Midazolam inhibited growth of HT29 tumors in xenograft mice. Collectively our results demonstrate that midazolam caused growth inhibition of cancer cells via activation of the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and inhibited HT29 tumor growth in xenograft mice. The mechanism underlying these effects of midazolam might be suppression of ROS production leading to modulation of apoptosis and growth regulatory proteins. These findings present possible clinical implications of midazolam as an anesthetic to relieve pain during in vivo anticancer drug delivery and to enhance anticancer efficacy through its ROS-scavenging and pro-apoptotic properties.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.