Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24006447›Full record

ArticleJournal of virology2013

The amino-terminal domain of alphavirus capsid protein is dispensable for viral particle assembly but regulates RNA encapsidation through cooperative functions of its subdomains.

Valeria Lulla, Dal Young Kim, Elena I Frolova, Ilya Frolov

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Current perspectives on alphavirus encapsidation, assembly and budding.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Rediscovering the chikungunya virusBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2021
    Review
  13. Article
  14. ArthritogenicLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Valeria LullaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Dal Young Kim
Elena I Frolova
Ilya Frolov
University of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

Mechanism of alphavirus packaging: designing of pseudoinfectious virusesR01AI095449 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI FROLOV, ILYA V. · 2012 to 2016
$1.8M
The Molecular Basis of VEEV PathogenesisR01AI070207 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI FROLOV, ILYA V. · 2008 to 2012
$1.6M
Sindbis nonstructural protein nsP2: Interaction with cellular proteinsR01AI073301 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI FROLOVA, ELENA I · 2008 to 2012
$1.6M
New generation of efficient vaccines against encephalitogenic alphavirusesR56AI093592 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI FROLOV, ILYA V. · 2012 to 2012
$366k
NIAID NIH HHS AI070207NIAID NIH HHS AI073301NIAID NIH HHS AI093592NIAID NIH HHS AI095449NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI070207NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI073301NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI095449NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI093592
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a pathogenic alphavirus, which circulates in the Central, South, and North Americas, including the United States, and represents a significant public health threat. In recent years, strong progress has been made in understanding the structure of VEEV virions, but the mechanism of their formation has yet to be investigated. In this study, we analyzed the functions of different capsid-specific domains and its amino-terminal subdomains in viral particle formation. Our data demonstrate that VEEV particles can be efficiently formed directly at the plasma membrane without cytoplasmic nucleocapsid preassembly. The entire amino-terminal domain of VEEV capsid protein was found to be dispensable for particle formation. VEEV variants encoding only the capsid's protease domain efficiently produce genome-free VEEV virus-like particles (VLPs), which are very similar in structure to the wild-type virions. The amino-terminal domain of the VEEV capsid protein contains at least four structurally and functionally distinct subdomains, which mediate RNA packaging and the specificity of packaging in particular. The most positively charged subdomain is a negative regulator of the nucleocapsid assembly. The three other subdomains are not required for genome-free VLP formation but are important regulators of RNA packaging. Our data suggest that the positively charged surface of the VEEV capsid-specific protease domain and the very amino-terminal subdomain are also involved in interaction with viral RNA and play important roles in RNA encapsidation. Finally, we show that VEEV variants with mutated capsid acquire compensatory mutations in either capsid or nsP2 genes.

Indexed as

Virus AssemblyAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBlotting, WesternCapsid ProteinsCell ProliferationCells, CulturedEncephalitis Virus, Venezuelan EquineEncephalomyelitis, Venezuelan EquineGenome, ViralKidneyMolecular Sequence DataMutationNucleocapsidProtein Structure, TertiaryReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionCapsid ProteinsRNA, MessengerRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID24006447
PMCPMC3807903
OpenAlexW2140663265

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.