Trial reportSexually transmitted infections2014
Increasing chlamydia screening tests in general practice: a modified Zelen prospective Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial evaluating a complex intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour.
Trial report in Sexually transmitted infections, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Computer-generated reminders delivered on paper to healthcare professionals: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Clinical education alone is sufficient to increase resistance training exercise prescription.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Effects of primary care antimicrobial stewardship outreach on antibiotic use by general practice staff: pragmatic randomized controlled trial of the TARGET antibiotics workshop.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- Service evaluation of an educational intervention to improve sexual health services in primary care implemented using a step-wedge design: analysis of chlamydia testing and diagnosis rate changes.BMC public health · 2016Trial
- Tools to overcome potential barriers to chlamydia screening in general practice: Qualitative evaluation of the implementation of a complex intervention.BMC family practice · 2016Trial
- Developing and testing accelerated partner therapy for partner notification for people with genital Chlamydia trachomatis diagnosed in primary care: a pilot randomised controlled trial.Sexually transmitted infections · 2015Trial
- The SPORTSMART study: a pilot randomised controlled trial of sexually transmitted infection screening interventions targeting men in football club settings.Sexually transmitted infections · 2015Trial
- General practice chlamydia testing: a qualitative study of staff approaches using behavioural change theory.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Building an Opt-Out Model for Service-Level Consent in the Context of New Data Regulations.Public health ethics · 2022Article
- Electronic Health Record Reminders for Chlamydia Screening in an American Indian Population.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2021Article
- How to increase chlamydia testing in primary care: a qualitative exploration with young people and application of a meta-theoretical model.Sexually transmitted infections · 2020Article
- Expanding syphilis testing: a scoping review of syphilis testing interventions among key populations.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2018Article
- Qualitative impact assessment of an educational workshop on primary care practitioner attitudes to NICE HIV testing guidelines.BJGP open · 2018Article
- Improving STD Screening Rates on a University Campus.Journal of community health · 2017Article
- Article
- Chlamydia and HIV testing, contraception advice, and free condoms offered in general practice: a qualitative interview study of young adults' perceptions of this initiative.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Article
- Exploring why a complex intervention piloted in general practices did not result in an increase in chlamydia screening and diagnosis: a qualitative evaluation using the fidelity of implementation model.BMC family practice · 2017Article
- Increased Gonorrhea Screening and Case Finding After Implementation of Expanded Screening Criteria-Urban Indian Health Service Facility in Phoenix, Arizona, 2011-2013.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine if a structured complex intervention increases opportunistic chlamydia screening testing of patients aged 15-24 years attending English general practitioner (GP) practices.
methodsA prospective, Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial with a modified Zelen design involving 160 practices in South West England in 2010. The intervention was based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). It comprised of practice-based education with up to two additional contacts to increase the importance of screening to GP staff and their confidence to offer tests through skill development (including videos). Practical resources (targets, posters, invitation cards, computer reminders, newsletters including feedback) aimed to actively influence social cognitions of staff, increasing their testing intention.
resultsData from 76 intervention and 81 control practices were analysed. In intervention practices, chlamydia screening test rates were 2.43/100 15-24-year-olds registered preintervention, 4.34 during intervention and 3.46 postintervention; controls testing rates were 2.61/100 registered patients prior intervention, 3.0 during intervention and 2.82 postintervention. During the intervention period, testing in intervention practices was 1.76 times as great (CI 1.24 to 2.48) as controls; this persisted for 9 months postintervention (1.57 times as great, CI 1.27 to 2.30). Chlamydia infections detected increased in intervention practices from 2.1/1000 registered 15-24-year-olds prior intervention to 2.5 during the intervention compared with 2.0 and 2.3/1000 in controls (Estimated Rate Ratio intervention versus controls 1.4 (CI 1.01 to 1.93).
conclusionsThis complex intervention doubled chlamydia screening tests in fully engaged practices. The modified Zelen design gave realistic measures of practice full engagement (63%) and efficacy of this educational intervention in general practice; it should be used more often.
trial registrationThe trial was registered on the UK Clinical Research Network Study Portfolio database. UKCRN number 9722.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.