ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2013
Gremlin-1 is an inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and attenuates atherosclerotic plaque growth in ApoE-/- Mice.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Screening and Risk Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Pooled it
- Endomyocardial Gremlin-1 is associated with structural remodeling and adverse clinical outcomes in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Loss of Endothelial YAP/TAZ Reduces the Size of Chronic Stroke Lesions and Alters the Endothelial Environment.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Gremlin1: a BMP antagonist with therapeutic potential in Oncology.Investigational new drugs · 2024Review
- Expression of Osteopontin and Gremlin 1 Proteins in Cardiomyocytes in Ischemic Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Atherosclerosis: Unraveling a Potential Trigger.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Angiogenic and Fibrogenic Dual-effect of Gremlin1 on Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- TREM2 inhibition triggers antitumor cell activity of myeloid cells in glioblastoma.Science advances · 2023Article
- A set of common buccal CpGs that predict epigenetic age and associate with lifespan-regulating genes.iScience · 2022Article
- Heterocomplexes between the atypical chemokine MIF and the CXC-motif chemokine CXCL4L1 regulate inflammation and thrombus formation.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins are multitasking cytokines in tissue injury.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Insights into the Role of Gremlin-1, a Bone Morphogenic Protein Antagonist, in Cancer Initiation and Progression.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Apolipoprotein E derived from CD11ciScience · 2022Article
- Pancreatic stromal Gremlin 1 expression during pancreatic tumorigenesis.Genes & diseases · 2022Article
- Gremlin: a complex molecule regulating wound healing and fibrosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Platelet-Derived PCSK9 Is Associated with LDL Metabolism and Modulates Atherothrombotic Mechanisms in Coronary Artery Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021 · on this mapArticle
- Article
- Extracellular BMP Antagonists, Multifaceted Orchestrators in the Tumor and Its Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Targeting the progression of chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2020Review
- Gremlin mediates the TGF-β-induced induction of profibrogenic genes in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Monocyte infiltration and macrophage formation are pivotal steps in atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability. Gremlin-1/Drm is crucial in embryo-/organogenesis and has been shown to be expressed in the adult organism at sites of arterial injury and to inhibit monocyte migration. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and characterize the role of Gremlin-1 in atherosclerosis. Here we report that Gremlin-1 is highly expressed primarily by monocytes/macrophages in aortic atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE(-/-) mice and is secreted from activated monocytes and during macrophage development in vitro. Gremlin-1 reduces macrophage formation by inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a cytokine critically involved in atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability. Gremlin-1 binds with high affinity to MIF (KD = 54 nm), as evidenced by surface plasmon resonance analysis and co-immunoprecipitation, and reduces MIF-induced release of TNF-α from macrophages. Treatment of ApoE(-/-) mice with a dimeric recombinant fusion protein, mGremlin1-Fc, but not with equimolar control Fc or inactivated mGremlin1-Fc, reduced TNF-α expression, the content of monocytes/macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions, and attenuated atheroprogression. The present data disclose that Gremlin-1 is an endogenous antagonist of MIF and define a role for Gremlin-1/MIF interaction in atherosclerosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.