ArticleMolecular psychiatry2014
Neuropsychiatric disease relevance of circulating anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies depends on blood-brain barrier integrity.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 177 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
177 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 338 citations in OpenAlex.
- Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Screening for pathogenic neuronal autoantibodies in serum and CSF of patients with first-episode psychosis.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Molecular mimicry of NMDA receptors may contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms in severe COVID-19 cases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Pooled it
- Neuronal surface autoantibodies in dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Patient characteristics and outcome associations in AMPA receptor encephalitis.Journal of neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Natural anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies are associated with lower risk for depression and PTSD symptoms after traumatic brain injury.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Choroid Plexus Abnormalities in Autoimmune Encephalitis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Current and Future Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review of Biomarker Detection Techniques and Their Performance.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Pro-Cognitive Effects of IgM Isotype Anti-NMDAR1 Autoantibodies in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Natural Anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies associate with slowed decline of cognitive functions in Alzheimer's diseases.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Immunopathological mechanisms in autoimmune encephalitis: from pathogenesis to targeted therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Effects and Mechanisms of NMDAR-EphB2 on Synapses in Mice by Active Immunization with a GluN1 Peptide.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders manifesting with psychosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Assessment and characterization of BBB permeability parameters in autoimmune encephalitis based onBMC neurology · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies and Inflammation in Schizophrenia.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
- Navigation Between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Its Various Pathophysiological Trajectories: The Pathogenic Link to Neuroimmunology-Genetics and Neuroinflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Development of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- Serum anti-NMDA receptor antibodies are linked to memory impairment 12 months after stroke.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Towards precision medicine for systemic lupus erythematosus and neuropsychiatric manifestations.Expert review of precision medicine and drug development · 2025Article
- Article
117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2007, a multifaceted syndrome, associated with anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies (NMDAR-AB) of immunoglobulin-G isotype, has been described, which variably consists of psychosis, epilepsy, cognitive decline and extrapyramidal symptoms. Prevalence and significance of NMDAR-AB in complex neuropsychiatric disease versus health, however, have remained unclear. We tested sera of 2817 subjects (1325 healthy, 1081 schizophrenic, 263 Parkinson and 148 affective-disorder subjects) for presence of NMDAR-AB, conducted a genome-wide genetic association study, comparing AB carriers versus non-carriers, and assessed their influenza AB status. For mechanistic insight and documentation of AB functionality, in vivo experiments involving mice with deficient blood-brain barrier (ApoE(-/-)) and in vitro endocytosis assays in primary cortical neurons were performed. In 10.5% of subjects, NMDAR-AB (NR1 subunit) of any immunoglobulin isotype were detected, with no difference in seroprevalence, titer or in vitro functionality between patients and healthy controls. Administration of extracted human serum to mice influenced basal and MK-801-induced activity in the open field only in ApoE(-/-) mice injected with NMDAR-AB-positive serum but not in respective controls. Seropositive schizophrenic patients with a history of neurotrauma or birth complications, indicating an at least temporarily compromised blood-brain barrier, had more neurological abnormalities than seronegative patients with comparable history. A common genetic variant (rs524991, P=6.15E-08) as well as past influenza A (P=0.024) or B (P=0.006) infection were identified as predisposing factors for NMDAR-AB seropositivity. The >10% overall seroprevalence of NMDAR-AB of both healthy individuals and patients is unexpectedly high. Clinical significance, however, apparently depends on association with past or present perturbations of blood-brain barrier function.
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