ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2014
Socioeconomic status and exposure to outdoor NO2 and benzene in the Asturias INMA birth cohort, Spain.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- The Urban Exposome during Pregnancy and Its Socioeconomic Determinants.Environmental health perspectives · 2018Pooled it
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A machine learning approach for type 2 diabetes diagnosis and prognosis using tailored heterogeneous feature subsets.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2025Article
- Tracking between cardiovascular-related measures at 4 and 8 years of age in the INMA-Asturias cohort.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Spatial distribution of hospital admissions for asthma in the central area of Asturias, Northern Spain.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors and its patterns of change between 4 and 8 years of age in the INMA-Asturias cohort.PloS one · 2023Article
- Assessing Inequity in Green Space Exposure toward a "15-Minute City" in Zhengzhou, China: Using Deep Learning and Urban Big Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Exposure to metal mixture and growth indicators at 4-5 years. A study in the INMA-Asturias cohort.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Socioeconomic Disparities and Air Pollution Exposure: a Global Review.Current environmental health reports · 2015Review
- Spatial cluster detection of air pollution exposure inequities across the United States.PloS one · 2014Article
- Paired Indoor and Outdoor Nitrogen Dioxide Associated With Childhood Asthma Outcomes in a Mixed Rural-Urban Setting: A Feasibility Study.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is commonly assumed that low socioeconomic levels are associated with greater exposure to pollution, but this is not necessarily valid. Our goal was to examine how individual socioeconomic characteristics are associated with exposure levels in a Spanish region included in the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) cohort.
methodsThe study population comprised 430 pregnant women from the Asturias INMA cohort. Air pollution exposure was estimated using land-use regression techniques. Information about the participants' lifestyle and socioeconomic variables was collected through questionnaires. In multivariate analysis, the levels of NO2 and benzene assigned to each woman were considered as dependent variables. Other variables included in the models were residential zone, age, education, parity, smoking, season, working status during pregnancy and social class.
resultsThe average NO2 level was 23.60 (SD=6.50) μg/m(3). For benzene, the mean value was 2.31 (SD=1.32) μg/m(3). We found no association of any pollutant with education. We observed an association between social class and benzene levels. Social classes I and II had the highest levels. The analysed socioeconomic and lifestyle variables accounted for little variability in air pollution in the models; this variability was explained mainly by residential zone (adjusted R(2): 0.27 for NO2; 0.09 for benzene).
conclusionsEducation and social class were not clearly associated with pollution. Administrations should monitor the environment of residential areas regardless of the socioeconomic level, and they should increase the distances between housing and polluting sources to prevent settlements at distances that are harmful to health.
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