ReviewMediators of inflammation2013
Cytokines and chemokines at the crossroads of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neuropathic pain.
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 360 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
360 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 627 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical exercise and inflammation in Parkinson's disease: a review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in COVID-19: a review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Randomized Controlled Trial of a Virtually Delivered Exercise and Stress Management Program to Improve Physical Performance of Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Survivors.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Closed-Loop Neuromodulation for Brain Fatigue: From Real-Time Biomarkers to Adaptive Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Distinct Transcriptomic Signatures of HIV-1 Tat and gp120 Uncover Differential Neuroimmune Vulnerability in aCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Isolation, Characterization, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hydrogen sulfide mitigates spatial learning deficits in angiotensin II-Induced hypertension via inhibition of endothelial NOX2 and neuroinflammation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Proteomic analysis in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a focus on sex-specific differences.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Lysophospholipids in Synucleinopathies: A Conceptual Framework Linking Proteostasis and Neuroinflammatory Signaling.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Neuropathic Pain: Mapping the miRNA Landscape.Non-coding RNA · 2026Review
- Circulating immune cell phenotypes are associated with inflammatory biomarkers in dementia-free participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Interleukin 13 signaling modulates dopaminergic functions and nicotine reward in rodents.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Biomarkers and immunomodulatory effect of erythropoietin in postoperative ileus.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Assessment of maternal diet inflammatory status and inflammatory markers in human breast milk.PloS one · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic signatures in tetrapartite brain region identifies shared and unique gene signatures for substance-use.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploring the potential of polyphenols in major depression: from molecular function to clinical therapy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Diagnostic value of CSF CXCL8 combined with total protein for neurosyphilis: a logistic regression and ROC analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Ozone-induced Neurotoxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
300 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines are proteins that coordinate the immune response throughout the body. The dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines is a central feature in the development of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and demyelination both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in conditions of neuropathic pain. Pathological states within the nervous system can lead to activation of microglia. The latter may mediate neuronal and glial cell injury and death through production of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines. These then help to mobilize the adaptive immune response. Although inflammation may induce beneficial effects such as pathogen clearance and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, uncontrolled inflammation can result in detrimental outcomes via the production of neurotoxic factors that exacerbate neurodegenerative pathology. In states of prolonged inflammation, continual activation and recruitment of effector cells can establish a feedback loop that perpetuates inflammation and ultimately results in neuronal injury. A critical balance between repair and proinflammatory factors determines the outcome of a neurodegenerative process. This review will focus on how cytokines and chemokines affect neuroinflammation and disease pathogenesis in bacterial meningitis and brain abscesses, Lyme neuroborreliosis, human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis, and neuropathic pain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.