ArticlePhysiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada2012
Factors that influence muscle weakness following stroke and their clinical implications: a critical review.
Article in Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reliability of muscle architecture assessment using clinical ultrasound in post-stroke patients: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment of ambulation functions through kinematic analysis in individuals with stroke: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of exercise intervention on physical mobility in stroke patients: a scoping review and research progress.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Skeletal Muscle Changes in the First Three Months of Stroke Recovery: A Systematic Review.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Foot placement control impairments in persons with chronic stroke become more evident during optic-flow perturbations.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Group Telerehabilitation to Improve Balance and Mobility in Patients After Stroke Performed at Home: A Feasibility and Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Muscle strength and stiffness of elbow muscles: correlation with upper limb motor functions in people with chronic stroke.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- The feasibility and effectiveness of telecare consultations in a nurse-led post-acute stroke clinic.BMJ health & care informatics · 2025Article
- IL-6 Promotes Muscle Atrophy by Increasing Ubiquitin-Proteasome Degradation of Muscle Regeneration Factors After Cerebral Infarction in Rats.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting sarcopenia risk in stroke patients: a comprehensive nomogram incorporating demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical indicators.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Lower limb vertical stiffness and frontal plane angular impulse during perturbation-induced single limb stance and their associations with gait in individuals post-stroke.Journal of biomechanics · 2024Article
- Eccentric strengthening vs. conventional therapy in sub-acute stroke survivors: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Editorial: Neuromuscular adaptations to sensorimotor stimulation protocols: potential rehabilitative interventions for individuals with central or peripheral neuromuscular injuries.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2024Article
- Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement-a narrative review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Overground Robotic Gait Trainer mTPAD Improves Gait Symmetry and Weight Bearing in Stroke Survivors.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Soft Wireless Headband Bioelectronics and Electrooculography for Persistent Human-Machine Interfaces.ACS applied electronic materials · 2023Article
- Concepts and Application of Tai Ji in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2022Review
- Passive mobilisation of the shoulder in subacute stroke patients with persistent arm paresis: A randomised multiple treatment trial.The South African journal of physiotherapy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo provide a comprehensive review of changes that occur in the muscle after stroke and how these changes influence the force-generating capacity of the muscle.
methodsA literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Embase was conducted using the search terms stroke, hemiparesis, muscle structure, cross sectional area, atrophy, force, velocity, and torque. There were 27 articles included in this review.
resultsThree changes occur in the muscle after stroke: a decrease in muscle mass, a decrease in fibre length, and a smaller pennation angle. In addition, the tendon is stretched and becomes more compliant. All of these factors reduce the affected muscle's ability to generate forces similar to controls or to non-paretic muscles. The result is a leftward shift in the length-tension curve, a downward shift in the torque-angle curve, and a downward shift in the force-velocity curve.
conclusionChanges in muscle architecture contributing to weakness, such as muscle-fibre length, pennation angle, muscle atrophy, and tendon compliance, should be prevented or reversed by means of an appropriate rehabilitation programme.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.