ArticleSleep2013
Statistical properties of sleep-wake behavior in the rat and their relation to circadian and ultradian phases.
Article in Sleep, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dynamics of evoked responses in hippocampal pathways are encoded by the duration of vigilance states.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Development of the sleep-wake switch in rats during the P2-P21 early infancy period.Frontiers in network physiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Regulation of Rest, Rather Than Activity, Underlies Day-Night Activity Differences in Mice.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- AM-251, A Cannabinoid Antagonist, Modifies the Dynamics of Sleep-Wake Cycles in Rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- A four-state Markov model of sleep-wakefulness dynamics along light/dark cycle in mice.PloS one · 2018Article
- Behavioral sleep-wake homeostasis and EEG delta power are decoupled by chronic sleep restriction in the rat.Sleep · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo examine the statistical characteristics of short-term sleep-wake architecture and to evaluate their dependence on ultradian and circadian phase.
designObservational, time series.
settingLaboratory.
participantsTen male adult Sprague-Dawley rats.
interventionsN/A. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsStates of wakefulness (WAKE), rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM) were recorded in 5-sec epochs over 7 consecutive days. State bout durations were analyzed using parametric regression of survival curves, comparing exponential, biexponential, and power law models. WAKE survival curves were best fit by biexponential models, suggesting that there are two statistically distinct stochastic mechanisms generating two types of WAKE--"brief" WAKE and "long" WAKE. Exponential time constants varied as a function of circadian and ultradian phase, with "long" WAKE showing the largest effect. NREM survival curves exhibited biexponential and monoexponential distributions in light and dark, respectively, with weak effects of ultradian phase. REM survival curves approximated a monoexponential distribution that varied with circadian but not ultradian phase. χ(2) analysis was used in a three-state Markov model to evaluate whether conditional state transition probabilities exhibit the property of first-order dependence. This was partially confirmed, but only after accounting for heterogeneity associated with circadian and ultradian phase. However, there was evidence of residual second-order dependence indicating that additional sources of statistical heterogeneity may remain to be identified.
conclusionsSleep-wake state is regulated over short timescales by stochastic mechanisms. When the major sources of heterogeneity are taken into account, including two-component WAKE and NREM states, the sleep-wake system of the rat behaves, to a reasonable approximation, as a Markovian system that is modulated over ultradian and circadian timescales.
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