Trial reportSleep2013
The effects of eszopiclone on sleep spindles and memory consolidation in schizophrenia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in Sleep, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of eszopiclone on sleep spindles and memory consolidation in schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- The impact of eszopiclone on sleep and cognition in patients with schizophrenia and insomnia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Schizophrenia research · 2014Trial
- Festschrift in honor of Dr. Robert Stickgold, pioneer in sleep, memory, and dream research.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- A Mini-review on Unlocking Cognitive Enhancement: An Innovative Strategy for Optimal Brain Functions.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Sleep Spindle Abnormalities as Neurophysiological Biomarkers of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: From Cellular Mechanisms and Neural Circuits to Clinical Implications.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- The Interplay Between Sleep and Mental Health: A Genetic Perspective.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Article
- Neurocognition After Perturbed Sleep (NAPS): A Protocol for an Experimental Study Examining the Impact of Sleep on Neurocognition, Functioning, and Clinical Indicators in People with Schizophrenia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- CB-1 receptor agonist drastically changes oscillatory activity, defining active sleep.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Synergistic effects of combined hypnotic drugs on sleep in mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Does fragmented sleep mediate the relationship between deficits in sleep spindles and memory consolidation in schizophrenia?Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Sleep spindle density and temporal clustering are associated with sleep-dependent memory consolidation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Hypnotic treatment improves sleep architecture and EEG disruptions and rescues memory deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Altered Sleep Oscillations as Neurophysiological Biomarkers of Schizophrenia.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Neural oscillations and memory: unraveling the mechanisms of anesthesia-induced amnesia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- A spectrum of altered non-rapid eye movement sleep in schizophrenia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- CBD lengthens sleep but shortens ripples and leads to intact simple but worse cumulative memory.iScience · 2023Article
- NREM sleep oscillations and their relations with sleep-dependent memory consolidation in early course psychosis and first-degree relatives.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesIn schizophrenia there is a dramatic reduction of sleep spindles that predicts deficient sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Eszopiclone (Lunesta), a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, acts on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus where spindles are generated. We investigated whether eszopiclone could increase spindles and thereby improve memory consolidation in schizophrenia.
designIn a double-blind design, patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or 3 mg of eszopiclone. Patients completed Baseline and Treatment visits, each consisting of two consecutive nights of polysomnography. On the second night of each visit, patients were trained on the motor sequence task (MST) at bedtime and tested the following morning.
settingAcademic research center.
participantsTwenty-one chronic, medicated schizophrenia outpatients. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsWe compared the effects of two nights of eszopiclone vs. placebo on stage 2 sleep spindles and overnight changes in MST performance. Eszopiclone increased the number and density of spindles over baseline levels significantly more than placebo, but did not significantly enhance overnight MST improvement. In the combined eszopiclone and placebo groups, spindle number and density predicted overnight MST improvement.
conclusionEszopiclone significantly increased sleep spindles, which correlated with overnight motor sequence task improvement. These findings provide partial support for the hypothesis that the spindle deficit in schizophrenia impairs sleep-dependent memory consolidation and may be ameliorated by eszopiclone. Larger samples may be needed to detect a significant effect on memory. Given the general role of sleep spindles in cognition, they offer a promising novel potential target for treating cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.