ArticleNature neuroscience2013
Restoring polyamines protects from age-induced memory impairment in an autophagy-dependent manner.
Article in Nature neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 217 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Polyamine-enriched Dietary Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline
Effect of Polyamine-enriched Dietary Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Biomarkers in Elderly Individuals With Subjective Cognitive Decline
Who cites it
217 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 368 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutraceutical Approaches of Autophagy and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Spermidine Supplementation on Cognition and Biomarkers in Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- The positive effect of spermidine in older adults suffering from dementia : First results of a 3-month trial.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Local autophagy impairment triggers brain-wide presynaptic remodeling and resilience.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Potential of Spermidine in Drosophila sws Neurodegenerative Model.Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology · 2026Article
- The Role of Microbiome-Associated Metabolites and Their Clinical Implications in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.Neurocritical care · 2026Review
- Mitochondria as an Integrative Hub of Cellular Homeostasis and Stress Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Polyamines as Gatekeepers of Virus Replication and Central Nervous System Homeostasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Beneficial Effects of Spermidine in an ALS Mouse Model.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- In Vitro Antioxidant and Cellular Activities of Functionalized Spermidine by Conjugating with Ascorbic Acid in Human Skin Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The role of spermidine in plants and humans: a pathway from climate change adaptation to health benefits.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Solid-state cultivation-specific agmatine production by Aspergillus oryzae: current understanding and perspectives.Amino acids · 2026Review
- Oral Supplementation With a Bovine Thymus Extract Reduces Neuronal Excitability in Aging Mice.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- Polyamine metabolism as a regulator of cellular and organismal aging.Amino acids · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Links Between the Gut Microbiome and Longevity Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Autophagy controls the hippocampal postsynaptic organization and affects cognition in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Autophagy and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Unraveling Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2026Review
- Targeting mitochondrial autophagy for anti-aging.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
157 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Age-dependent memory impairment is known to occur in several organisms, including Drosophila, mouse and human. However, the fundamental cellular mechanisms that underlie these impairments are still poorly understood, effectively hampering the development of pharmacological strategies to treat the condition. Polyamines are among the substances found to decrease with age in the human brain. We found that levels of polyamines (spermidine, putrescine) decreased in aging fruit flies, concomitant with declining memory abilities. Simple spermidine feeding not only restored juvenile polyamine levels, but also suppressed age-induced memory impairment. Ornithine decarboxylase-1, the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo polyamine synthesis, also protected olfactory memories in aged flies when expressed specifically in Kenyon cells, which are crucial for olfactory memory formation. Spermidine-fed flies showed enhanced autophagy (a form of cellular self-digestion), and genetic deficits in the autophagic machinery prevented spermidine-mediated rescue of memory impairments. Our findings indicate that autophagy is critical for suppression of memory impairments by spermidine and that polyamines, which are endogenously present, are candidates for pharmacological intervention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.