Trial reportJournal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)2013
Phase II trial of a GM-CSF-producing and CD40L-expressing bystander cell line combined with an allogeneic tumor cell-based vaccine for refractory lung adenocarcinoma.
Trial report in Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06471673 (A Study of BRIA-OTS Cellular Immunotherapy in Metastatic Recurrent Breast Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Study of BRIA-OTS Cellular Immunotherapy in Metastatic Recurrent Breast Cancer
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Utility of cell-based vaccines as cancer therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Regression of Breast Cancer Metastases Following Treatment with Irradiated SV-BR-1-GM, a GM-CSF Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cell Line: Intellectual Property and Immune Markers of Response.Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery · 2022Trial
- A phase I/randomized phase II study of GM.CD40L vaccine in combination with CCL21 in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2018Trial
- Current Development of Therapeutic Vaccines in Lung Cancer.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and clinical advancements of cell-based immunotherapies in non-small cell lung cancer: an integrated perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: promising strategies to overcoming challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus in Lung Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Potential association factors for developing effective peptide-based cancer vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Landscape of Immunotherapy in Advanced NSCLC: Driving Beyond PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors (CTLA-4, LAG3, IDO, OX40, TIGIT, Vaccines).Current oncology reports · 2021Review
- Molecular basis and therapeutic implications of CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2021Review
- JNJ-64041757 (JNJ-757), a Live, Attenuated, Double-DeletedJTO clinical and research reports · 2021Article
- Genomic analysis of the prognostic value of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and colony-stimulating factor receptors (CSFRs) across 24 solid cancer types.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Dendritic Cells in Anticancer Vaccination: Rationale for Ex Vivo Loading or In Vivo Targeting.Cancers · 2020Review
- FGL2 promotes tumor progression in the CNS by suppressing CD103Nature communications · 2019Article
- Vaccine and immune cell therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2018Review
- SV-BR-1-GM, a Clinically Effective GM-CSF-Secreting Breast Cancer Cell Line, Expresses an Immune Signature and Directly Activates CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: emerging sequencing for new treatment targets.ESMO open · 2017Review
- Vaccination with Irradiated Autologous Tumor Cells Mixed with Irradiated GM-K562 Cells Stimulates Antitumor Immunity and T Lymphocyte Activation in Patients with Recurrent Malignant Glioma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2016Article
- Retinoid Chemoprevention: Who Can Benefit?Current pharmacology reports · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We created a vaccine in which irradiated allogeneic lung adenocarcinoma cells are combined with a bystander K562 cell line transfected with hCD40L and hGM-CSF. By recruiting and activating dendritic cells, we hypothesized that the vaccine would induce tumor regression in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Intradermal vaccine was given q14 days×3, followed by monthly ×3. Cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m IV) was administered before the first and fourth vaccines to deplete regulatory T cells. All-trans retinoic acid was given (150/mg/m/d) after the first and fourth vaccines to enhance dendritic cell differentiation. Twenty-four participants were accrued at a single institution from October 2006 to June 2008, with a median age 64 years and median of 4 previous lines of systemic therapy. A total of 101 vaccines were administered. Common toxicities were headache (54%) and site reaction (38%). No radiologic responses were observed. Median overall survival was 7.9 months and median progression-free survival was 1.7 months. Of 14 patients evaluable for immunological study, 5 had peptide-induced CD8 T-cell activation after vaccination. Overall, vaccine administration was feasible in an extensively pretreated population of metastatic lung cancer. Despite a suggestion of clinical activity in the subset with immune response, the trial did not meet the primary endpoint of inducing radiologic tumor regression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.