ArticleCellular microbiology2014
Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma through induction of proMMP9 and its activation.
Article in Cellular microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Demystifying the link between periodontitis and oral cancer: a systematic review integrating clinical, pre-clinical, and in vitro data.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative analysis of bacterial abundance and diversity in tumour tissue of oral squamous cell carcinoma and non-tumour tissue: insights from a systematic review of 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- High-throughput nucleotide sequencing for bacteriome studies in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2020Pooled it
- Microbiota in pancreatic cancer: Roles in tumor initiation and progression (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Targeting tumor-associated bacteria in digestive system cancers: carcinogenic mechanisms and nano-regulate platform design.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Hydrogels in head and neck cancer: Innovations and translational advances in research and therapy.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- The Silent Link: Exploring the Impact of Periodontal Diseases on Head and Neck Carcinogenesis.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Review
- Unraveling Oral Dysbiosis: Microbial Complexity in Common Oral Diseases.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- The Role of Oral Pathobionts' Outer Membrane Vesicles in Cancer Pathology and Therapeutic Development.Cells · 2026Review
- Gingipain-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and -9 Activation in Oral Rinse Samples from Patients with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Microbial crosstalk along the oral-gut axis: organ-specific oncogenic adaptations of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Establishment of a coculture system for Porphyromonas gingivalis and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using spheroid culture and LATS inhibition.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide confers chemotherapy resistance and migratory ability on oral cancer cells by activating toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- A critical review on the roles of natural products in shaping oral microbiota and preventing chronic diseases.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2026Review
- Proteomics of Periodontitis-Associated Bacteria and Its Link to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Contemporaneous Review.International dental journal · 2026Review
- The oral - X axis: from periodontal dysbiosis to systemic disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical and laboratory biomarker correlates of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer status in a large retrospective clinical database.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals genes relevant to periodontal therapy and periodontitis.Physiological genomics · 2025Article
- Selective PAR2 Inhibition Attenuates HDM-Induced Th1/Th2 Responses in Human Epithelial and Murine Models of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have revealed a significant association between periodontitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is implicated in the invasion and metastasis of tumour cells. We examined the involvement of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, in OSCC invasion through induced expression of proMMP and its activation. proMMP9 was continuously secreted from carcinoma SAS cells, while P. gingivalis infection increased proenzyme expression and subsequently processed it to active MMP9 in culture supernatant, which enhanced cellular invasion. In contrast, Fusobacterium nucleatum, another periodontal organism, failed to demonstrate such activities. The effects of P. gingivalis were observed with highly invasive cells, but not with the low invasivetype. P. gingivalis also stimulated proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and enhanced proMMP9 expression, which promoted cellular invasion. P. gingivalis mutants deficient in gingipain proteases failed to activate MMP9. Infected SAS cells exhibited activation of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-kB, and their inhibitors diminished both proMMP9-overexpression and cellular invasion. Together, our results show that P. gingivalis activates the ERK1/2-Ets1, p38/HSP27, and PAR2/NF-kB pathways to induce proMMP9 expression, after which the proenzyme is activated by gingipains to promote cellular invasion of OSCC cell lines. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of progression and metastasis of OSCC associated with periodontitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.