ArticlePloS one2013
In vitro analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect of inhomogeneous static magnetic field-exposure on human macrophages and lymphocytes.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on acute radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Trial
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on improving cerebral blood flow in patients with middle cerebral artery steno-occlusion.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Trial
- Influence of inhomogeneous static magnetic field-exposure on patients with erosive gastritis: a randomized, self- and placebo-controlled, double-blind, single centre, pilot study.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2014Trial
- Silent forces, hidden currents: the influence of static magnetic field stimulation on tumor biophysics.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Open-Label Uncontrolled, Monocentric Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Electromagnetic Field and Negative Pressure in the Treatment of Cellulite.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Model-based fed-batch cultivation ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Magnetically Driven Hydrogel Surfaces for Modulating Macrophage Behavior.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Article
- The Effect of Static Magnetic Fields of Different Strengths and Polarities on Cytokine Production by Human Lymphocytes In Vitro.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Using a static magnetic field to attenuate the severity in COVID-19-invaded lungs.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Anti-Oxidative and Immune Regulatory Responses of THP-1 and PBMC to Pulsed EMF Are Field-Strength Dependent.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Magnetic stimulation of the angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in vascular tissue engineering.Science and technology of advanced materials · 2021Article
- Progressive Study on the Non-thermal Effects of Magnetic Field Therapy in Oncology.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) Doped with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IO), miR-21 and miR-124 Under Magnetic Field Conditions Modulates Osteoblast Viability, Reduces Inflammation and Inhibits the Growth of Osteoclast - A Novel Concept for Osteoporosis Treatment: Part 1.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
- Combinatorial Effect of Magnetic Field and Radiotherapy in PDAC Organoids: A Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2020Article
- Moderate SMFs attenuate bone loss in mice by promoting directional osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.Stem cell research & therapy · 2020Article
- Moderate static magnetic fields enhance antitumor CD8Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Static Magnetic Field Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing by Facilitating Resolution of Inflammation.Journal of diabetes research · 2019Article
- Static Magnetic Field (SMF) as a Regulator of Stem Cell Fate - New Perspectives in Regenerative Medicine Arising from an Underestimated Tool.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2018Review
- A review on the use of magnetic fields and ultrasound for non-invasive cancer treatment.Journal of advanced research · 2018Review
- Static magnetic field enhances the anticancer efficacy of capsaicin on HepG2 cells via capsaicin receptor TRPV1.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effect of inhomogeneous static magnetic field (SMF)-exposure on the production of different cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC), i.e., lymphocytes and macrophages, was tested in vitro. Some cultures were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at time point -3 h and were either left alone (positive control) or exposed to SMF continuously from 0 until 6, 18, or 24 h. The secretion of interleukin IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor TNF-α, and IL-10 was tested by ELISA. SMF-exposure caused visible morphological changes on macrophages as well as on lymphocytes, and also seemed to be toxic to lymphocytes ([36.58; 41.52]%, 0.308≤p≤0.444), but not to macrophages (<1.43%, p≥0.987). Analysis of concentrations showed a significantly reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α from macrophages compared to negative control ([56.78; 87.52]%, p = 0.031) and IL-6 compared to positive control ([45.15; 56.03]%, p = 0.035). The production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 from macrophages and from lymphocytes was enhanced compared to negative control, significantly from lymphocytes ([-183.62; -28.75]%, p = 0.042). The secretion of IL-6 from lymphocytes was significantly decreased compared to positive control ([-115.15; -26.84]%, p = 0.039). This massive in vitro evidence supports the hypotheses that SMF-exposure (i) is harmful to lymphocytes in itself, (ii) suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, and (iii) assists the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; thus providing a background mechanism of the earlier in vivo demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of SMF-exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.