Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2013
Clinical study of etomidate emulsion combined with remifentanil in general anesthesia.
Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond adrenal suppression: a comprehensive post-marketing safety profile of etomidate from real world data.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Optimization, andDrug delivery · 2021Article
- Effects of etomidate and propofol on immune function in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.American journal of translational research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the safety, recovery time, and side effects of general anesthesia with different doses of etomidate emulsion combined with remifentanil.
methodsOne hundred ten patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or 2 who underwent gynecological general anesthesia with a 1-3-hour operation time were randomly divided into the following groups: etomidate emulsion group 1 ([E1] n = 30); etomidate emulsion group 2 ([E2] n = 30); etomidate emulsion group 3 ([E3] n = 20); and propofol group ([P group] n = 30). For induction of anesthesia, 0.3 mg/kg etomidate emulsion, and the continuous remifentanil infusion also to induce anesthesia (0.1~0.3 μg · kg(-1) · min(-1)), was applied in all cases. Afterwards, continuous infusion of etomidate emulsion and remifentanil, respectively (E1: 10 μg · kg(-1) · min(-1) and 0.1 μg · kg(-1) · min(-1); E2: 15 μg · kg(-1) · min(-1) and 0.2 μg · kg(-1) · min(-1); E3: 20 μg · kg(-1) · min(-1) and 0.2 μg · kg(-1) · min(-1)), and propofol (P group: 6~10 mg · kg(-1) · h(-1)) were administered. Changes in blood flow kinetics and adverse reactions were noted and compared between the four groups.
resultsBoth arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) decreased after induction of anesthesia (P < 0.05). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP changed only slightly, and HRs were slightly infected in E1, E2, and E3. SBP, DBP, and HR during the operation all decreased significantly in P group (P < 0.05). Muscle tremor at the time of induction occurred in 13 cases (11.8%). Following etomidate emulsion anesthesia maintenance, postoperative agitation occurred in seven cases (8.75%), lethargy in 20 cases (25%), and vomiting in 19 cases (23.75%). No adverse reactions were found in P group.
conclusionContinuous infusion of etomidate emulsion at 10 μg · kg(-1) · minute(-1) combined with remifentanil during anesthesia has the advantages of hemodynamic stability, quick wake-up, and few adverse reactions. Increasing the dose of etomidate emulsion increases the incidence of adverse reactions.
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