Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23990623›Full record

SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2013

Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective longitudinal cohort studies.

Isao Muraki, Fumiaki Imamura, Joann E Manson, Frank B Hu, Walter C Willett, Rob M van Dam, Qi Sun

Erratum issuedOpen access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 260 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
260citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
34.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

260 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 545 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Effects ofThe review of diabetic studies : RDS · 2022
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200 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Isao MurakiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Fumiaki Imamura
Joann E Manson
Frank B Hu
Walter C Willett
Rob M van Dam
Qi Sun
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USHarvard University · US

Funding

Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI TWOROGER, SHELLEY S · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
Validity of Diet and Activity Measures in WomenP01CA055075 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI WILLETT, WALTER C. · 1991 to 2009
$41.8M
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Younger NursesR01CA050385 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, WILLETT, WALTER C. · 1989 to 2019
$32.3M
Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Male Health ProfessionalsU01CA167552 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Lorelei Mucci, Walter C. Willett · 2017 to 2026
$17.0M
Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in WomenUM1CA176726 · NCI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI WILLETT, WALTER C. · 2013 to 2017
$15.7M
Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Male Health ProfessionalsUM1CA167552 · NCI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI WILLETT, WALTER C. · 2012 to 2016
$11.5M
BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC MARKERS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES RISKR01DK058845 · NIDDK · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI HU, FRANK B · 2001 to 2013
$7.8M
TRAINING GRANT IN ACADEMIC NUTRITIONT32DK007703 · NIDDK · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI CHRISTOPHER P DUGGAN, Frank B Hu · 1994 to 2026
$7.8M
Dietary Polyphenols, Urinary Biomarkers & Risk of Type 2 DiabetesR01DK082486 · NIDDK · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI SUN, QI · 2009 to 2011
$1.1M
Novel Adipokines and Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Men and Women with DiabetesR00HL098459 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI SUN, QI · 2012 to 2014
$729k
Medical Research Council MC_UP_A100_1003Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/5NCI NIH HHS CA167552NCI NIH HHS CA176726NCI NIH HHS CA50385NCI NIH HHS CA55075NCI NIH HHS CA87969NCI NIH HHS P01 CA055075NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA167552NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA176726NHLBI NIH HHS R00 HL098459NHLBI NIH HHS R00HL098459NIDDK NIH HHS DK082486NIDDK NIH HHS DK58845NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK058845NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK082486NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007703
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether individual fruits are differentially associated with risk of type 2 diabetes.

designProspective longitudinal cohort study.

settingHealth professionals in the United States.

participants66,105 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2008), 85,104 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2009), and 36,173 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008) who were free of major chronic diseases at baseline in these studies.

main outcome measureIncident cases of type 2 diabetes, identified through self report and confirmed by supplementary questionnaires.

resultsDuring 3,464,641 person years of follow-up, 12,198 participants developed type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for personal, lifestyle, and dietary risk factors of diabetes, the pooled hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes for every three servings/week of total whole fruit consumption was 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.97 [corrected] to 0.99). With mutual adjustment of individual fruits, the pooled hazard ratios of type 2 diabetes for every three servings/week were 0.74 (0.66 to 0.83) for blueberries, 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) for grapes and raisins, 0.89 (0.79 to 1.01) for prunes, 0.93 (0.90 to 0.96) for apples and pears, 0.95 (0.91 to 0.98) for bananas, 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99) for grapefruit, 0.97 (0.92 to 1.02) for peaches, plums, and apricots, 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) for oranges, 1.03 (0.96 to 1.10) for strawberries, and 1.10 (1.02 to 1.18) for cantaloupe. The pooled hazard ratio for the same increment in fruit juice consumption was 1.08 (1.05 to 1.11). The associations with risk of type 2 diabetes differed significantly among individual fruits (P<0.001 in all cohorts).

conclusionOur findings suggest the presence of heterogeneity in the associations between individual fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. Greater consumption of specific whole fruits, particularly blueberries, grapes, and apples, is significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas greater consumption of fruit juice is associated with a higher risk.

Indexed as

FruitBeveragesBody Mass IndexDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietEpidemiologic MethodsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID23990623
PMCPMC3978819
OpenAlexW2010234625

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.