ArticleBioinformatics (Oxford, England)2013
DIST: direct imputation of summary statistics for unmeasured SNPs.
Article in Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genome-Wide Association Studies of Hospitalized Influenza Identify Four Risk Loci and Reveal Shared and Unique Genetic Factors Compared With COVID-19.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Pooled it
- Multivariate genome-wide analyses of the well-being spectrum.Nature genetics · 2019Pooled it
- A fine-mapping study of central obesity loci incorporating functional annotation and imputation.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2018Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of Positive and Negative Symptoms Reveals Schizophrenia Modifier Genes.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2016Pooled it
- Disentangling Shared and Differential Genetic Architectures Between COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Disorders-A Genome-Wide Multi-Omics Framework.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- PYRAMA: an open-source tool for advanced meta-analysis of genome wide association studies.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- FarmGTEx TWAS-server: An Interactive Web Server for Customized TWAS Analysis.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
- PRED-LD: efficient imputation of GWAS summary statistics.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The goldmine of GWAS summary statistics: a systematic review of methods and tools.BioData mining · 2024Article
- GAUSS: a summary-statistics-based R package for accurate estimation of linkage disequilibrium for variants, Gaussian imputation, and TWAS analysis of cosmopolitan cohorts.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- ZMIX: estimating ancestry proportions using GWAS association Z-scores.Bioinformatics advances · 2024Article
- Extremely sparse models of linkage disequilibrium in ancestrally diverse association studies.Nature genetics · 2023Article
- KOMPUTE: imputing summary statistics of missing phenotypes in high-throughput model organism data.Bioinformatics advances · 2023Article
- Fine-mapping from summary data with the "Sum of Single Effects" model.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Improved analyses of GWAS summary statistics by reducing data heterogeneity and errors.Nature communications · 2021Article
- A powerful subset-based method identifies gene set associations and improves interpretation in UK Biobank.American journal of human genetics · 2021Article
- A fast and efficient colocalization algorithm for identifying shared genetic risk factors across multiple traits.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Increasing the resolution and precision of psychiatric genome-wide association studies by re-imputing summary statistics using a large, diverse reference panel.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2021Review
- TWAS pathway method greatly enhances the number of leads for uncovering the molecular underpinnings of psychiatric disorders.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2020Article
- Impact of admixture and ancestry on eQTL analysis and GWAS colocalization in GTEx.Genome biology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
motivationGenotype imputation methods are used to enhance the resolution of genome-wide association studies, and thus increase the detection rate for genetic signals. Although most studies report all univariate summary statistics, many of them limit the access to subject-level genotypes. Because such an access is required by all genotype imputation methods, it is helpful to develop methods that impute summary statistics without going through the interim step of imputing genotypes. Even when subject-level genotypes are available, due to the substantial computational cost of the typical genotype imputation, there is a need for faster imputation methods.
resultsDirect Imputation of summary STatistics (DIST) imputes the summary statistics of untyped variants without first imputing their subject-level genotypes. This is achieved by (i) using the conditional expectation formula for multivariate normal variates and (ii) using the correlation structure from a relevant reference population. When compared with genotype imputation methods, DIST (i) requires only a fraction of their computational resources, (ii) has comparable imputation accuracy for independent subjects and (iii) is readily applicable to the imputation of association statistics coming from large pedigree data. Thus, the proposed application is useful for a fast imputation of summary results for (i) studies of unrelated subjects, which (a) do not provide subject-level genotypes or (b) have a large size and (ii) family association studies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Pre-compiled executables built under commonly used operating systems are publicly available at http://code.google.com/p/dist/. CONTACT: dlee4@vcu.edu .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.