ArticleMolecular imaging and biology2014
Scatter characterization and correction for simultaneous multiple small-animal PET imaging.
Article in Molecular imaging and biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical PET and SPECT Imaging in Small Animals: Technologies, Challenges and Translational Impact.Cells · 2025Review
- Assessing PET performance, image quality, and attenuation correction in the presence of RF coils within a 9.4 T MRI for preclinical simultaneous imaging.EJNMMI physics · 2025Article
- PET Imaging of Estrogen Receptors UsingMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Accurate molecular imaging of small animals taking into account animal models, handling, anaesthesia, quality control and imaging system performance.EJNMMI physics · 2015Article
- NEMA NU 4-Optimized Reconstructions for Therapy Assessment in Cancer Research with the Inveon Small Animal PET/CT System.Molecular imaging and biology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe rapid growth and usage of small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) in molecular imaging research has led to increased demand on PET scanner's time. One potential solution to increase throughput is to scan multiple rodents simultaneously. However, this is achieved at the expense of deterioration of image quality and loss of quantitative accuracy owing to enhanced effects of photon attenuation and Compton scattering. The purpose of this work is, first, to characterize the magnitude and spatial distribution of the scatter component in small-animal PET imaging when scanning single and multiple rodents simultaneously and, second, to assess the relevance and evaluate the performance of scatter correction under similar conditions.
methodsThe LabPET™-8 scanner was modelled as realistically as possible using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission Monte Carlo simulation platform. Monte Carlo simulations allow the separation of unscattered and scattered coincidences and as such enable detailed assessment of the scatter component and its origin. Simple shape-based and more realistic voxel-based phantoms were used to simulate single and multiple PET imaging studies. The modelled scatter component using the single-scatter simulation technique was compared to Monte Carlo simulation results. PET images were also corrected for attenuation and the combined effect of attenuation and scatter on single and multiple small-animal PET imaging evaluated in terms of image quality and quantitative accuracy.
resultsA good agreement was observed between calculated and Monte Carlo simulated scatter profiles for single- and multiple-subject imaging. In the LabPET™-8 scanner, the detector covering material (kovar) contributed the maximum amount of scatter events while the scatter contribution due to lead shielding is negligible. The out-of field-of-view (FOV) scatter fraction (SF) is 1.70, 0.76, and 0.11% for lower energy thresholds of 250, 350, and 400 keV, respectively. The increase in SF ranged between 25 and 64% when imaging multiple subjects (three to five) of different size simultaneously in comparison to imaging a single subject. The spill-over ratio (SOR) increases with increasing the number of subjects in the FOV. Scatter correction improved the SOR for both water and air cold compartments of single and multiple imaging studies. The recovery coefficients for different body parts of the mouse whole-body and rat whole-body anatomical models were improved for multiple imaging studies following scatter correction.
conclusionsThe magnitude and spatial distribution of the scatter component in small-animal PET imaging of single and multiple subjects simultaneously were characterized, and its impact was evaluated in different situations. Scatter correction improves PET image quality and quantitative accuracy for single rat and simultaneous multiple mice and rat imaging studies, whereas its impact is insignificant in single mouse imaging.
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