ArticleFrontiers in immunology2013
Regulations of gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells required for preventing the onset of autoimmune diseases.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioelectronic modulation of the thymic "genetic mirror": 448 kHz radiofrequency stimulation as a novel strategy for immune tolerance induction in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- OncoTheradJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- CD90 Marks a Mesenchymal Program in Human Thymic Epithelial CellsFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Coxsackievirus B4 Transplacental Infection Severely Disturbs Central Tolerogenic Mechanisms in the Fetal Thymus.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Regulation of T cell-associated tissues and T cell activation by RANKL-RANK-OPG.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2021Review
- High frequency vaccination-induced immune stress reduces bone strength with the involvement of activated osteoclastogenesis in layer pullets.Poultry science · 2020Article
- Cultured Human Thymic-Derived Cells Display Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Phenotype and Functionality.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Heterologous expression, purification and function of the extracellular domain of human RANK.BMC biotechnology · 2017Article
- RANK-RANKL signalling in cancer.Bioscience reports · 2016Review
- Identification of embryonic precursor cells that differentiate into thymic epithelial cells expressing autoimmune regulator.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2016Article
- Article
- Natural Th17 cells are critically regulated by functional medullary thymic microenvironments.Journal of autoimmunity · 2015Article
- The thymic cortical epithelium determines the TCR repertoire of IL-17-producing γδT cells.EMBO reports · 2015Article
- Positive and Negative Regulatory Mechanisms for Fine-Tuning Cellularity and Functions of Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Thymic Crosstalk Coordinates Medulla Organization and T-Cell Tolerance Induction.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Biology of the RANKL-RANK-OPG System in Immunity, Bone, and Beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- The IL-2/IL-2R system: from basic science to therapeutic applications to enhance immune regulation.Immunologic research · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Elimination of potential self-reactive T cells in the thymus is crucial for preventing the onset of autoimmune diseases. Epithelial cell subsets localized in thymic medulla [medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs)] contribute to this process by supplying a wide range of self-antigens that are otherwise expressed in a tissue-specific manner (TSAs). Expression of some TSAs in mTECs is controlled by the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein, of which dysfunctional mutations are the causative factor of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). In addition to the elimination of self-reactive T cells, recent studies indicated roles of mTECs in the development of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells, which suppress autoimmunity and excess immune reactions in peripheral tissues. The TNF family cytokines, RANK ligand, CD40 ligand, and lymphotoxin were found to promote the differentiation of AIRE- and TSA-expressing mTECs. Furthermore, activation of NF-κB is essential for mTEC differentiation. In this mini-review, we focus on molecular mechanisms that regulate induction of AIRE and TSA expression and discuss possible contributions of these mechanisms to prevent the onset of autoimmune diseases.
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