ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2013
Antagonism between two intestinal parasites in humans: the importance of co-infection for infection risk and recovery dynamics.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02597556 (A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Impact of Anthelmintic Treatment on the Incidence of Diarrheal Disease in School Children in Southern Vietnam), which is not on this map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Impact of Anthelmintic Treatment on the Incidence of Diarrheal Disease in School Children in Southern Vietnam
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Intricacies of Immunoregulation: Evidence From Amazonian Ecuador for the Importance of Considering Species-Specific Effects Within the Old Friends Hypothesis.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Sociodemographic Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Rural Communities Living in Endemic Foci of Onchocerciasis in Southern Gabon.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Dominance of Coinfecting Parasites' Indirect Genetic Effects on Host Traits.The American naturalist · 2024Article
- Diversity and composition of gut protist in young rural Zimbabwean children.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2024Article
- Getting around the roundworms: Identifying knowledge gaps and research priorities for the ascarids.Advances in parasitology · 2024Article
- Helminth-associated changes in host immune phenotype connect top-down and bottom-up interactions during co-infection.Functional ecology · 2023Article
- Infection with soil-transmitted helminths and their impact on coinfections.Frontiers in parasitology · 2023Review
- High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Strongyloides stercoralis and Trypanosoma cruzi coinfections in a highly endemic area in Argentina.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- The Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors and Their Interactions on Immune Response to Helminth Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Indigenous South American Tsimane Exhibit Relatively Modest Decrease in Brain Volume With Age Despite High Systemic Inflammation.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Urinary neopterin of wild chimpanzees indicates that cell-mediated immune activity varies by age, sex, and female reproductive status.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Review
- Relationships between vector-borne parasites and free-living mammals at the Brazilian Pantanal.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- Very Low Prevalence and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation among Bolivian Forager-Farmers.Annals of global health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Co-infection may affect transmission and recovery from infection, but remains an understudied element of disease ecology, particularly with regard to antagonism between parasites sharing a host. Helminth and giardia infections are often endemic in the same populations and both occupy the small intestine; yet few studies have examined interactions between these parasites. We report on helminth-giardia co-infections in a panel study of forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian lowlands. Parasites were identified in faecal samples from 3275 participants, collected during 5235 medical exams over 6 years. Longitudinal co-infection patterns were examined using logistic mixed and multi-state Markov models. The most prevalent infections were hookworm (56%), Giardia lamblia (30%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (15%). Cross-sectionally, hookworm and A. lumbricoides were negatively associated with G. lamblia (OR = 0.60; OR = 0.65, respectively). Longitudinally, giardia infection was less likely in helminth-infected individuals (HR: 0.46). Infection with helminths was also less likely for individuals infected with giardia (HR: 0.71). Finally, treatment with mebendazole reduced subsequent hookworm infections, but resulted in a marginal increase in the odds of G. lamblia infection. Our results provide evidence for an antagonistic relationship between helminths and giardia, and suggest that co-infection should be considered in disease transmission models and treatment decisions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.