ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2013
Optimal method to stimulate cytokine production and its use in immunotoxicity assessment.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current utilization trend of immortalized mast cell lines in allergy research: a systematic review.Immunologic research · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal Vitamin D Status Correlates to Leukocyte Antigenic Responses in Breastfeeding Infants.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- TCR γδ cell-specific STAT5 gain of function induces a druggable chronic human immune dysregulation.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Hidden hematological, biochemical and immune costs of asymptomatic malaria infections in semi-wild chimpanzees.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Prior Cytomegalovirus Infection Shapes Lymphocyte Activation and Function During Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Engineered Source-Specific Extracellular Vesicles for Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Biological Barriers to Targeted Delivery Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Hidden hematological, biochemical and immune costs of asymptomatic malaria infections in semi-wild chimpanzees.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Generation and functional analysis of melanoma antigen-specific CD8+ T cells derived from S/MAR vector-transfected human induced pluripotent stem cells.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Multiplexed profiling of single-cell secretion on a hierarchical loading microwell chip.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2025Article
- Binding of RHOA G17V to p300 enhances its HAT activity: a new mechanism of epigenetic deregulation in TFH lymphoma.Blood advances · 2025Article
- miRNA-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression During Early Activation in Jurkat Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Effect of FLT3 ligand on the gene expression of TIM-3, HIF1-α, and TNF-α in an acute myeloid leukemia cell line.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Depth-corrected multi-factor dissection of chromatin accessibility for scATAC-seq data with PACS.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Potential immunogenic modulation of hypo-fractionated radiotherapy at optimal schedules and the subsequent vaccine-like effect of local irradiation - a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mouse Brain CD8Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Using Seahorse Technology as an Efficient Way of Verifying T Cell Stimulation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Immunological reference intervals in pregnancy: longitudinal analysis of adaptive lymphocyte subsets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Age influences the circulating immune profile in pediatric sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Characterization of an in vitro model to study CD4JDS communications · 2024Article
- Circulating Immune Cells from Early- and Late-onset Pre-eclampsia Displays Distinct Profiles with Differential Impact on Endothelial Activation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Activation of lymphocytes can effectively produce a large amount of cytokines. The types of cytokines produced may depend on stimulating reagents and treatments. To find an optimal method to stimulate cytokine production and evaluate its effect on immunotoxicity assessments, the authors analyzed production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, RANTES and TGF-β in undiluted rat whole blood culture (incubation for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 h) with different concentrations of PMA/ionomycin, PHA, Con A, LPS and PWM. We also evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A and azathioprine on cytokine production. The results revealed a rapid increase of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, RANTES and TGF-β secretion within 6 h after stimulation with 25 ng/mL PMA and 1 μg/mL ionomycin. The inhibition of these cytokine profiles reflected the effects of immunosuppressants on the immune system. Therefore, the results of this is study recommend the detection of cytokine profiles in undiluted whole blood stimulated 6 h with 25 ng/mL PMA and 1 μg/mL ionomycin as a powerful immunotoxicity assessment method.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.