ArticleJournal of biomedical science2013
Knockout of TLR4 and TLR2 impair the nerve regeneration by delayed demyelination but not remyelination.
Article in Journal of biomedical science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): A Comprehensive Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Podocyte TLR4 deletion alleviates diabetic kidney disease through prohibiting PKCδ/SHP-1-dependent ER stress and relieving podocyte damage and inflammation.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- TLR4 deletion reduces small fiber sensory abnormalities and nerve degeneration in diabetic male mice.Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Promotes DRG Regeneration and Repair after Sciatic Nerve Injury via the ERK-NF-kB Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Phosphorylated α-synuclein deposited in Schwann cells interacting with TLR2 mediates cell damage and induces Parkinson's disease autonomic dysfunction.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Expression and Role of Toll-like Receptors in Facial Nerve Regeneration after Facial Nerve Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Distinct toll-like receptor signaling in the salamander response to tissue damage.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2022Article
- Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis protein repeat-containing protein 3 delays early Wallerian degeneration after sciatic nerve injury.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Sodium phenylbutyrate inhibits Schwann cell inflammation via HDAC and NFκB to promote axonal regeneration and remyelination.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Exosomes Secreted by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Following FK506 Stimulation Reduce Autophagy of Macrophages in Spine after Nerve Crush Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Enhanced Nerve Regeneration by Exosomes Secreted by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with or without FK506 Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Inhibition of TLR4 signaling protects mice from sensory and motor dysfunction in an animal model of autoimmune peripheral neuropathy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Macrophage biology in the peripheral nervous system after injury.Progress in neurobiology · 2019Review
- Fas Ligand Gene (Faslg) Plays an Important Role in Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration After Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Article
- The Effect of Microbiota and the Immune System on the Development and Organization of the Enteric Nervous System.Gastroenterology · 2016Review
- TLR4 Deficiency Impairs Oligodendrocyte Formation in the Injured Spinal Cord.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2016Article
- Impairment of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 leads to compensatory mechanisms after sciatic nerve axotomy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
- A Decade of Research on TLR2 Discovering Its Pivotal Role in Glial Activation and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Experimental neurobiology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKnockout of either toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or 2 (TLR2) had been reported to delay the Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury by deterring the recruitment of the macrophages and clearance of myelin debris. However, the impact on the remyelination process is poorly understood. In this study, the effect of TLR2 and TLR4 knockout on the nerve regeneration and on the remyelination process was studied in a mouse model of sciatic nerve crush injury.
resultsA standard sciatic nerve crush injury by a No. 5 Jeweler forcep for consistent 30 seconds was performed in Tlr4-/- (B6.B10ScN-Tlr4lps-del/JthJ), Tlr2-/- (B6.129-Tlr2tm1Kir/J) and C57BL/6 mice. One centimeter of nerve segment distal to the crushed site was harvested for western blot analysis of the myelin structure protein myelin protein zero (Mpz) and the remyelination transcription factors Oct6 and Sox10 at day 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28. Nerve segment 5-mm distal to injured site from additional groups of mice at day 10 after crush injury were subjected to semi-thin section and toluidine blue stain for a quantitative histomorphometric analysis. With less remyelinated nerves and more nerve debris, the histomorphometric analysis revealed a worse nerve regeneration following the sciatic nerve crush injury in both Tlr4-/- and Tlr2-/- mice than the C57BL/6 mice. Although there was a delayed expression of Sox10 but not Oct6 during remyelination, with an average 4-day delay in the demyelination process, the subsequent complete formation of Mpz during remyelination was also delayed for 4 days, implying that the impaired nerve regeneration was mainly attributed to the delayed demyelination process.
conclusionsBoth TLR4 and TLR2 are crucial for nerve regeneration after nerve crush injury mainly by delaying the demyelination but not the remyelination process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.