ArticleArthritis and rheumatism2013
9G4+ autoantibodies are an important source of apoptotic cell reactivity associated with high levels of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Article in Arthritis and rheumatism, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organ-based characterization of B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- 9G4+ antibodies isolated from HIV-infected patients neutralize HIV-1 and have distinct autoreactivity profiles.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Defective B cell tolerance in SLE lymph nodes underpins VHmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- NADPH oxidase exerts a B cell-intrinsic contribution to lupus risk by modulating endosomal TLR signals.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Affinity maturation generates pathogenic antibodies with dual reactivity to DNase1L3 and dsDNA in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature communications · 2023Article
- B cell subset composition segments clinically and serologically distinct groups in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2021Article
- Identification and characterization of antigen-specific CD4Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Cross-Reactivity with Self-Antigen Tunes the Functional Potential of Naive B Cells Specific for Foreign Antigens.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Understanding and measuring human B-cell tolerance and its breakdown in autoimmune disease.Immunological reviews · 2019Review
- The Autoimmune Risk VariantJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Altered B cell signalling in autoimmunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2017Review
- Pathogenesis of Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cellular Perspective.Trends in molecular medicine · 2017Review
- Identification of autoreactive B cells with labeled nucleosomes.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
- BCR and co-receptor crosstalk facilitate the positive selection of self-reactive transitional B cells.Current opinion in immunology · 2015Review
- Altered BCR and TLR signals promote enhanced positive selection of autoreactive transitional B cells in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2015Article
- Diversity, cellular origin and autoreactivity of antibody-secreting cell population expansions in acute systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature immunology · 2015Article
- Polychromatic flow cytometry in evaluating rheumatic disease patients.Arthritis research & therapy · 2015Review
- Natural IgM: beneficial autoantibodies for the control of inflammatory and autoimmune disease.Journal of clinical immunology · 2014Review
- Rationale for B cell targeting in SLE.Seminars in immunopathology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the prevalence of anti-apoptotic cell (anti-AC) antibodies with the 9G4 idiotype (9G4+) and the relationship between this and other known 9G4+ specificities and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
methodsSerum samples from 60 SLE patients and 40 healthy donors were incubated with apoptotic Jurkat cells and assayed by flow cytometry for the binding of 9G4+ antibodies. The samples were also tested for 9G4+ reactivity against naive B cells and total IgG and IgM anti-AC antibody reactivity.
resultsThe 9G4+ antibodies bound late ACs in sera from a majority of the SLE patients (60%) but in sera from only 2 healthy control subjects. Among samples with global IgM or IgG anti-AC antibodies, those with 9G4+ anti-AC antibodies predominated. Patients with high levels of 9G4+ anti-AC antibodies were more likely to have active disease. This was the case even in patients with IgG anti-AC antibodies or anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. Patients with lupus nephritis were also more likely to have 9G4+ anti-AC antibodies. While 9G4+ reactivity to ACs often coincided with anti-B cell reactivity, some samples had distinct anti-AC or anti-B cell reactivity.
conclusionThe 9G4+ antibody represents a major species of anti-AC antibody in SLE serum, and this autoreactivity is associated with disease activity. The anti-AC reactivity of 9G4+ antibodies can be separated from the germline VH4-34-encoded anti-B cell autoreactivity. Our results indicate that ACs are an important antigenic source in SLE that positively selects B cells with intrinsic autoreactivity against other self antigens. This selection of 9G4+ B cells by ACs may represent an important step in disease progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.