ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2014
Anatomy of hierarchy: feedforward and feedback pathways in macaque visual cortex.
Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 377 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
377 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 830 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thalamus and consciousness: a systematic review on thalamic nuclei associated with consciousness.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- An MRI-Based, Data-Driven Model of Cortical Laminar Connectivity.Neuroinformatics · 2021Pooled it
- The neuroscience of transformers.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2026Article
- Functional neurological disorder, suggestion and virtual reality: neuroanatomical and computational perspectives.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Frequency and laminar profile of feature-specific visual activity revealed by interleaved EEG-fMRI.eLife · 2026Article
- State-dependent signal flow hierarchy in the human cerebral cortex.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- I Can't Hear You Both at the Same Time: A Temporal Dilemma During Inter-Regional Communication.eNeuro · 2026Article
- The Cerebellar Connectome.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Article
- The alpha rhythm: from physiology to behavior.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Oligodendrocyte prosaposin restores subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced consciousness impairment.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The primate claustrum as a hub for precision weighting of prediction errors across the cortical hierarchy.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- The Logic of Thalamic Inputs onto the Molecular Taxonomy of Cortical Neurons Reveals a Visual Hierarchy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reassessing Choice Probability: What 59 Macaque Studies Tell Us About Decision-Related Activity in Visual Cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A computational architecture incorporating shallow brain networks: integrating parallel cortical and subcortical processing.Current research in neurobiology · 2026Article
- UltraFast Layer-Resolved Encoding (uFLARE) functional MRI deciphers bidirectional signaling from spontaneous activity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Systematic Characterization of Causal Interactions Between Human Visual Areas.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- 'Backpropagation and the brain' realized in cortical error neuron microcircuits.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- The neural code of perceptual inference.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- Readout and delayed transmission of initial afferent V1 activity in decisions about stimulus contrast.eLife · 2026Article
- Task learning increases information redundancy of neural responses in macaque visual cortex.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
317 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The laminar location of the cell bodies and terminals of interareal connections determines the hierarchical structural organization of the cortex and has been intensively studied. However, we still have only a rudimentary understanding of the connectional principles of feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) pathways. Quantitative analysis of retrograde tracers was used to extend the notion that the laminar distribution of neurons interconnecting visual areas provides an index of hierarchical distance (percentage of supragranular labeled neurons [SLN]). We show that: 1) SLN values constrain models of cortical hierarchy, revealing previously unsuspected areal relations; 2) SLN reflects the operation of a combinatorial distance rule acting differentially on sets of connections between areas; 3) Supragranular layers contain highly segregated bottom-up and top-down streams, both of which exhibit point-to-point connectivity. This contrasts with the infragranular layers, which contain diffuse bottom-up and top-down streams; 4) Cell filling of the parent neurons of FF and FB pathways provides further evidence of compartmentalization; 5) FF pathways have higher weights, cross fewer hierarchical levels, and are less numerous than FB pathways. Taken together, the present results suggest that cortical hierarchies are built from supra- and infragranular counterstreams. This compartmentalized dual counterstream organization allows point-to-point connectivity in both bottom-up and top-down directions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.