ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2014
Early sex work initiation independently elevates odds of HIV infection and police arrest among adult sex workers in a Canadian setting.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Differentiating the incidence and burden of HIV by age among women who sell sex: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- Advancing youth HIV prevention and care in Uganda: stakeholder-informed innovations through implementation science, protocol for a randomized controlled trial.BMC health services research · 2026Trial
- Laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted infections and associated factors among street-based female sex workers in Southwest Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Factors influencing to early initiation of sex work among female street sex workers in Jimma and Agaro Towns, Southwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Spatial epidemiology of nonfatal overdose in a community-based cohort of marginalized women in Vancouver, British Columbia (2014-2022).Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Social-structural barriers to primary care among sex workers: findings from a community-based cohort in Vancouver, Canada (2014-2021).BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Structural Barriers to Primary Care Among Sex Workers: Findings from a Community- Based Cohort in Vancouver, Canada (2014-2021).Research square · 2024Article
- Sexually Transmitted Infection Risks and Symptoms Heightened Among Female Sex Workers who Started Selling Sex Before the Age of 18 in Five Cities in Cameroon.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Article
- Description of HIV risk behavior among adolescent female sex workers: Findings from the nationwide cross-sectional integrated biological and behavioral surveillance (IBBS) 2014-15 survey for HIV in India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- "Right now we are scared of each other, we fear everyone, the whole world has COVID": The impact of COVID-19 on young female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda, during national lockdowns in 2020-2021.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- PrEP uptake and persistence amongst HIV-negative women who exchange sex for money or commodities in Kampala, Uganda: A qualitative inquiry assessing the influence of pregnancy.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Needs Associated with Underage Initiation of Selling Sex among Adult Female Sex Workers in Guinea-Bissau.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Co-occurring Threats to Agency Among Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- Mobility study of young women who exchange sex for money or commodities using Google Maps and qualitative methods in Kampala, Uganda.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Structural barriers to condom access in a community-based cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada: influence of policing, violence and end-demand criminalisation.BMJ sexual & reproductive health · 2020Article
- Urban gentrification and declining access to HIV/STI, sexual health, and outreach services amongst women sex workers between 2010-2014: Results of a community-based longitudinal cohort.Health & place · 2020Article
- HIV risk among young women who sell sex by whether they identify as sex workers: analysis of respondent-driven sampling surveys, Zimbabwe, 2017.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Preventing sexually transmitted and blood borne infections (STBBIs) among sex workers: a critical review of the evidence on determinants and interventions in high-income countries.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Review
- Substance Use among Female Sex Workers in Two US-Mexico Border Cities: Associations with Age of Entry.Substance use & misuse · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo explore factors associated with early sex work initiation and model the independent effect of early initiation on HIV infection and prostitution arrests among adult sex workers (SWs).
designBaseline data (2010-2011) were drawn from a cohort of SWs who exchanged sex for money within the last month and were recruited through time location sampling in Vancouver, Canada. Analyses were restricted to adults ≥18 years old.
methodsSWs completed a questionnaire and HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing. Using multivariate logistic regression, we identified associations with early sex work initiation (<18 years old) and constructed confounder models examining the independent effect of early initiation on HIV and prostitution arrests among adult SWs.
resultsOf 508 SWs, 193 (38.0%) reported early sex work initiation, with 78.53% primarily street-involved SWs and 21.46% off-street SWs. HIV prevalence was 11.22%, which was 19.69% among early initiates. Early initiates were more likely to be Canadian born [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 6.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.42 to 19.02], inject drugs (AOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.5), and to have worked for a manager (AOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.6) or been coerced into sex work (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.14 to 4.44). Early initiation retained an independent effect on increased risk of HIV infection (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.2) and prostitution arrests (AOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.2).
conclusionsAdolescent sex work initiation is concentrated among marginalized, drug, and street-involved SWs. Early initiation holds an independent increased effect on HIV infection and criminalization of adult SWs. Findings suggest the need for evidence-based approaches to reduce harm among adult and youth SWs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.