ArticleFemale pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery
Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) for refractory myofascial pelvic pain.
Article in Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of botulinum toxin a injections in pelvic floor muscles in chronic pelvic pain patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Myofascial Pain in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Physical examination techniques for the assessment of pelvic floor myofascial pain: a systematic review.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2018Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of onabotulinumtoxin A trigger point injections for myofascial pelvic pain.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2019Trial
- A pilot randomized trial of levator injections versus physical therapy for treatment of pelvic floor myalgia and sexual pain.International urogynecology journal · 2015Trial
- Modified Delphi Consensus Guidelines for Pelvic Floor Botulinum Toxin Injection.Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Current and future pharmacotherapy for female sexual dysfunction.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Intramuscular neural distribution of the obturator internus muscle regarding injective treatment.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2023Article
- Use of botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine and gynaecology: current approaches, controversies, and future directions.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2023Review
- Article
- The Multispecialty Toxin: A Literature Review of Botulinum Toxin.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- Clinical Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Endometriosis Unresponsive to Conventional Therapy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Treatment of Dyspareunia with Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A: Clinical Improvement and Influence of Patients' Characteristics.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- High-density surface electromyographic assessment of pelvic floor hypertonicity in IC/BPS patients: a pilot study.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- Botulinum injections for myofascial pelvic pain.International urogynecology journal · 2021Observational
- Review
- Botulinum Toxin A: A Review of Potential Uses in Treatment of Female Urogenital and Pelvic Floor Disorders.Ochsner journal · 2020Review
- Methodological approaches to botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain, vaginismus, and vulvar pain disorders.International urogynecology journal · 2019Review
- Current best practice management of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.Therapeutic advances in urology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess intralevator botulinum toxin type A (Botox) injections for refractory myofascial pelvic pain with short tight pelvic floor.
methodsRetrospective cohort study of all women with intralevator Botox injection (100-300 Units) from 2005 through 2010 for refractory myofascial pelvic pain. Primary outcomes were self-reported pain on palpation and symptom improvement. Secondary outcomes included postinjection complications and a second injection. Pain was assessed during digital palpation of the pelvic floor muscles using a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst possible pain. Follow-up occurred at less than 6 weeks after injection and again at 6 weeks or more. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or proportion.
resultsThirty-one patients met eligibility criteria; 2 patients were lostto follow-up and excluded. The median age was 55.0 years (38.0-62.0 years). Before Botox injection, the median pain score was 9.5 (8.0-10.0). Twenty-nine patients (93.5%) returned for the first follow-up visit; 79.3% reported improvement in pain, whereas 20.7% reported no improvement. The median pain with levator palpation was significantly lower than before injection (P<0.0001). Eighteen women (58.0%) had a second follow-up visit with a median pain score that remained lower than before injection (P<0.0001). Fifteen (51.7%) women elected to have a second Botox injection; the median time to the second injection was 4.0 months (3.0-7.0 months). Three (10.3%) women developed de novo urinary retention, 2 patients (6.9%) reported fecal incontinence, and 3 patients (10.3%) reported constipation and/or rectal pain; all adverse effects resolved spontaneously.
conclusionsIntralevator injection of Botox demonstrates effectiveness in women with refractory myofascial pelvic pain with few self-limiting adverse effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.