ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2013
The insulin receptor plays an important role in secretory differentiation in the mammary gland.
Article in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feasibility and Acceptability of Metformin to Augment Low Milk Supply: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2019Trial
- Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes interaction on delayed breastfeeding initiation.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Insulin resistance is associated with mammary mitochondrial dysfunction at the onset of human lactation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Mammary gland development and function in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes.Current opinion in physiology · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of normal and aberrant human milk production.Science advances · 2025Article
- Milk Composition Is Predictive of Low Milk Supply Using Machine Learning Approaches.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding patterns among parturients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of the MOMPOD randomized clinical trial.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Maternal Breast Growth and Body Mass Index Are Associated with Low Milk Production in Women.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Knowledge Gaps and Current Evidence Regarding Breastfeeding Issues in Mothers with Chronic Diseases.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Lactation in the human.Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture · 2023Article
- Identification and Characterization of circRNAs in Non-Lactating Dairy Goat Mammary Glands Reveal Their Regulatory Role in Mammary Cell Involution and Remodeling.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Parental factors that impact the ecology of human mammary development, milk secretion, and milk composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 1.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Effect of excessive gestational weight gain on insulin sensitivity and insulin kinetics in women with overweight/obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Article
- Protocol for an observational study investigating hormones triggering the onset of sustained lactation: the INSIGHT study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Measures of Maternal Metabolic Health as Predictors of Severely Low Milk Production.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2022Article
- Delayed secretory activation and low milk production in women with gestational diabetes: a case series.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Mammary epithelial cell transcriptome reveals potential roles of lncRNAs in regulating milk synthesis pathways in Jersey and Kashmiri cattle.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Maternal Psychological Distress and Lactation and Breastfeeding Outcomes: a Narrative Review.Clinical therapeutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Insulin is known to be an important regulator of milk secretion in the lactating mammary gland. Here we examine the role of insulin signaling in mammary development in pregnancy using a mouse with a floxed insulin receptor (IR) crossed with a mouse expressing Cre specifically in the mammary gland. In the mammary glands of these IR(fl/fl) Cre(+) mice, expression of IR is significantly diminished throughout development. Glands from these mice had 50% fewer alveoli at midpregnancy; casein and lipid droplets were diminished by 60 and 75%, respectively, indicating a role for IR both in alveolar development and differentiation. In an acinar preparation from mammary epithelial cells (MEC) isolated from pregnant mice, insulin stimulated lumen formation, mammary cell size, acinar size, acinar casein content, and the formation of lipid droplets with a Km of ∼1.7 nM. IGF-I and IGF-II had no effect at concentrations below 50 nM, and a function blocking antibody to the IGF type 1 receptor did not alter the response to insulin. We conclude that insulin interacting with IR is essential for mammary differentiation during murine pregnancy. Using array analysis, we then examined the expression of genes up- or downregulated >1.5-fold in the IR(fl/fl) Cre(+) MECs, finding significant downregulation of differentiation specific genes and upregulation of cell cycle and extracellular matrix genes. We conclude that insulin fosters differentiation and may inhibit cell proliferation in the mammary gland of the midpregnant mouse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.