Comparison of Ca2+ transients and [Ca2+]i in the dendrites and boutons of non-fast-spiking GABAergic hippocampal interneurons using two-photon laser microscopy and high- and low-affinity dyes.

Using two-photon laser microscopy, high- and low-affinity dyes and patch clamp electrophysiology, we successfully measured somatic stimulation-evoked Ca(2+) transients simultaneously in the dendrites and axonal boutons of the same non-fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons in acute slice preparations obtained from hippocampal area CA1. The advantage of the acute preparation is that both neuronal connections and anatomy are maintained. Calculated as unperturbed values, the amplitudes of Ca(2+) transients and changes in [Ca(2+)]i in response to somatic single or burst stimulation were much higher in boutons (428 nM/AP) than in dendrites (49 nM/AP), leading to the conclusion that the much greater influx of Ca(2+) observed in terminals might be due to a higher density of N-type voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels compared to the L-type channels present in dendrites. Whereas the decay of Ca(2+) transients recorded in dendrites was primarily mono-exponential, the decay in boutons was bi-exponential, as indicated by an initial fast phase, followed by a much slower reduction in fluorescence intensity. The extrusion of Ca(2+) was much faster in boutons than in dendrites. To avoid saturation effects and the flawed conversion of fluorescence measures of [Ca(2+)]i, we assessed the limits of [Ca(2+)] measurements (which ranged between 6 and 82% of the applied dye saturation) when high- and low-affinity dyes were applied at different concentrations. When two APs were delivered at a high frequency (>3 Hz) of stimulation, the low-affinity indicators OGB-6F (KD = 3.0 μM) and OGB-5N (KD = 20 μM) were able to accurately reflect the changes in ΔF/F produced by the consecutive APs. There was no difference in the endogenous buffer capacity (κE), which can shape Ca(2+) signals, calculated in dendrites (κE = 354) or boutons (κE = 458).